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Nutrition and Metabolic Factors
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
A common factor of exercise energy expenditure that is often overlooked is what occurs post-exercise, also known as recovery energy expenditure (see Chapter 2). Researchers have indicated that the intensity of steady-state aerobic exercise may have a greater effect on recovery energy expenditure than duration (13, 14, 30, 186). Furthermore, higher intensities resulted in a greater magnitude of recovery energy expenditure compared to lower intensities (38, 121), likely due to a greater disruption of homeostasis. The previous findings support the notion that anaerobic exercise such as weight training may require greater recovery energy expenditure and possibly a longer duration of recovery compared to aerobic exercise. Several studies that investigated recovery energy expenditure following weight training support this conclusion (34, 38, 63).
Modern Rehabilitation Techniques for COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
Aerobic exercise refers to the physical exercise that the human body undertakes in the circumstance of oxygen supply adequately. That is, in athletic process, the amount of oxygen that the human body inhales and the amount required are equal, achieving balance on physiology. In addition to the participation of oxygen, aerobic exercise also requires the participation of major muscle groups throughout the body, which can strengthen the heart and lung functions, making the cardiovascular system more effective and rapid oxygen transmission to every part of the body. Aerobic training, combined with respiratory control and postural changes, can increase alveolar ventilation, improve mucosal ciliary oscillation and gas exchange capacity, improve body function, and reduce fatigue. In the meantime, it is acceptable to combine other appropriate measures (e.g. oxygen therapy and/or aerosolization). During aerobic training in the acute phase, patients should be prevented from overwork and improper exercise intensity, which may lead to oxygen demand exceeding their oxygen supply capacity. An excessive increase in oxygen demand may even worsen the patient’s gas exchange impairment.
Biochemistry of Exercise Training and Type 1 Diabetes
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
Sam N. Scott, Matt Cocks, Anton J. M. Wagenmakers, Sam O. Shepherd, Michael C. Riddell
People with T1D are recommended to engage in regular exercise for the maintenance of overall health and to reduce the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications (40, 129, 188). The current guidelines are to accumulate 150 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise per week, spread over at least 3 days, with no more than 2 consecutive days without activity (40). However, many people with T1D lead a sedentary lifestyle and fail to meet these guidelines (119, 170, 183), in part because of the considerable challenge of managing blood glucose concentration around exercise and fear of hypoglycaemia. An understanding of glucose targets for safe and effective exercise and the neurohormonal responses to different forms of exercise is important.
Exercise capacity, physical activity and quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed hematologic malignancies: a cross-sectional study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Zeliha Celik, Meral Boşnak Güçlü, Zübeyde Nur Özkurt
Fukushima et al. (2019) found that patients having low hemoglobin levels muscle function, physical function, quality of life are worse than patients having high hemoglobin levels in patients with hematologic malignancies. As is known, a reduced hemoglobin level causes reductions in both maximal oxygen consumption and endurance performance due to the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood (Calbet, Lundby, Koskolou, and Boushel, 2006) which may result in decreased exercise capacity and impaired cardiovascular responses during the six-minute walk test in our patients. Furthermore, smoking exposure may be affected 6-MWT performance and distance (Cahan et al., 1999). Individualized supervised exercise program is safe and improves exercise capacity and quality of life in this population (Van Haren et al., 2018). To minimize negative impacts of the disease itself and treatment-related complications, aerobic exercise should be applied immediately to these patients, in parallel to their treatments.
Effects of aerobic exercise on asthma control and quality of life in adults: a systematic review
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2023
Joshua Ang, Ray Moussa, Safiya Shaikh, Sandra Mele
There are several forms of physical activity, and its benefits vary based on intensity, frequency, and duration. While any form of physical activity is generally recommended, not all levels will have the desired efficacy. Physical activities targeted at muscle strengthening may not necessarily have the desired effect that balance training would. Breathing exercises have been promoted to potentially achieve asthma control, but results are varied (4). Aerobic exercise is one of the main forms that is typically avoided due to symptom concerns (3). Avoidance of aerobic activity can worsen other comorbidities and lead to worsening asthma control. To our knowledge, there is only one study that has evaluated the literature on the effects of exercise and asthma control in adults (5). At the time, studies were limited and there was not enough evidence to assess the effects of exercise on asthma control and quality of life. As more research has become available, we sought to determine the effects of aerobic exercise on asthma control and quality of life. We hypothesized that aerobic exercise would have significant improvements in both aspects.
Effects of aerobic exercise on waist circumference, VO2 max, blood glucose, insulin, and lipid index in middle-aged women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2022
In this regard, professional groups prefer to improve lifestyle habits such as diet and exercise rather than drug therapy (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2018; Kang et al., 2015). In particular, exercise that can maintain the intensity of 40–70% of the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) is preferred. Aerobic exercise is defined as any form of physical activity that produces an increased heart rate and respiratory volume to meet the oxygen requirements of the activated muscle (Wang & Xu, 2017). Typical aerobic exercises include walking, jogging, biking, going up and down stairs, swimming, and aerobic dance (Sigal, Kenny, Wasserman, & Castaneda-Sceppa, 2004). The American College of Sports Medicine (2014) recommends adults to do more than five medium-intensity aerobic exercises for more than 30 min a week and 20 min or more for higher-intensity exercises for three or more to five days a week.