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Imaging as an Important Tool for Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Published in Shazia Rashid, Ankur Saxena, Sabia Rashid, Latest Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Women-Associated Cancers, 2022
Priyanka Mudaliar, Shafina Siddiqui, Sangeeta Ballav, Narrayan Raam Shankar, Soumya Basu, Jyotirmoi Aich
Stress elastography is one of the elastography techniques which involves non-invasive examination of tissue mechanical properties. The images obtained are measured through specialized imaging modes which detects tissue stiffness in response to shear waves. Shear waves are generated either by putting an external mechanical vibration or acoustic radiation force impulses [24].
Ultrasound Physics
Published in Debbie Peet, Emma Chung, Practical Medical Physics, 2021
Recent years have also seen increasing clinical use of ultrasound elastography techniques for the diagnosis of tissue stiffness changes (e.g., associated with cancer). For example, in Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) the scanner generates shear waves by transmitting a series of high amplitude “push pulses” into the tissue. By measuring the speed of propagation of these shear waves, which propagate outwards from the centre of the ultrasound beam, it becomes possible to quantify tissue stiffness as an estimate of Young’s Modulus. In ultrasound systems capable of elastography, a transparent colour map is superimposed over a B-mode image to indicate regions of stiffness (or low strain) in the image.
Preoperative Ultrasound Imaging in Fibroid Uterus
Published in Rooma Sinha, Arnold P. Advincula, Kurian Joseph, FIBROID UTERUS Surgical Challenges in Minimal Access Surgery, 2020
Mamata Deenadayal, Anupama Deenadayal, Hema Desai, Aarti Deenadayal Tolani
Elastography is an ultrasound-based imaging modality that assesses tissue stiffness. Given that endometrial polyps derive from soft endometrial tissue and submucosal fibroids from the hard muscle and fibrous tissue, elastography seems to be a perfect tool in differentiating such intramural masses.
Advantages and drawbacks associated with the use of endosonography in sarcoidosis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2023
Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Sahajal Dhooria, Valliappan Muthu, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal, Ritesh Agarwal
Elastography is an ultrasound technique to measure the stiffness of tissues. The stiffness of the lymph node can be expressed qualitatively on a colored image. Alternatively, the stiffness of the lymph node can be expressed quantitatively compared to an adjacent normal area (strain ratio) or by analyzing its elastographic color dispersion (strain histogram and blue pixel ratio). Elastography may help to differentiate benign and malignant lymph nodes [18]. Malignant lymph nodes generally have more stiff areas because of infiltration by the tumor cells. However, studies comparing sarcoidosis and malignancy are limited [19]. Further, elastography cannot differentiate sarcoidosis from tuberculosis [20]. Lymph node stiffness may also affect the yield of sarcoidosis. In a small study of 33 subjects with sarcoidosis, Trisolini et al. demonstrated that sampling of the stiffer, possibly fibrotic lymph nodes was associated with a higher proportion of inadequate slides [21]. Hence, elastography may be useful in selecting the lymph nodes to be sampled during EBUS-TBNA.
Deep learning for assessing liver fibrosis based on acoustic nonlinearity maps: an in vivo study of rabbits
Published in Computer Assisted Surgery, 2022
Jinzhen Song, Hao Yin, Jianbo Huang, Zhenru Wu, Chenchen Wei, Tingting Qiu, Yan Luo
Liver fibrosis, which may be caused by hepatic injury such as virus infection and alcohol abuse, is a stage progressing to cirrhosis [1]. Patients with cirrhosis might suffer from several complications, such as hepatocellular carcinomas, esophageal varices and/or hepatic failure [2]. Staging fibrosis stages is essential for prognosis, surveillance and management of patients with liver fibrosis [3,4]. The golden standard of assessing fibrosis stages is liver biopsy [5,6]. However, liver biopsy is invasive so that it may lead to various potential complications such as bleeding and rupture. Meanwhile, sampling errors also limit the diagnostic accuracy. Biomarkers show suboptimal diagnostic accuracy compared with imaging methods [7,8]. Conventional ultrasound, CT and MRI are not sensitive enough for predicting fibrosis. Ultrasound-based elastography is studied for staging liver fibrosis in recent years with good performance [9,10]. Shear wave speed is measured in ultrasound-based elastography such as Transient Elastography and Shear Wave Elastography. Diagnostic accuracy is high for the detection of significant and advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis (area under curve (AUC) > 0.90) [9]. Nevertheless, the cutoff values among various kinds of elastography machines require further investigation. Breath could also affect the reliability and accuracy [11].
The effect of mechanical force in genitourinary malignancies
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
Kai Huang, Junqiang Liu, Qiwei Chen, Dan Feng, Haotian Wu, Abdullah Aldanakh, Yuli Jian, Zhongyang Xu, Shujing Wang, Deyong Yang
Tissue stiffness has been recognized as a helpful diagnostic indicator, and elastography can be utilized as a noninvasive approach to provide useful clinical information. Shear wave elastography (SWE), magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and other techniques are being used to evaluate tissue stiffness [85,86]. A retrospective investigation of 87 cases of prostate cancer, for example, revealed that there is a substantial difference in shear wave elasticity characteristics between prostate cancer and normal prostate, and prostate cancer is harder than benign tissue [87]. Similarly, Shear wave elasticity can also be utilized to differentiate between low-grade and high-grade bladder urothelial cancer. The elasticity of the lesion is directly related to the collagen fiber content, which may have a significant impact on the hardness of the tissue as well as the onset and progression of BCa [88]. The application of elastography will provide us with the possibility to pay close attention to the hardness of the tissue, and the noninvasive method will also provide the possibility of monitoring the change of the hardness after the later clinical drug treatment.