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Oncogenes and Cancer
Published in Pimentel Enrique, Oncogenes, 2020
Mutated oncogenes with increased transforming potential are apparently present in a minor fraction of tumors occurring under natural conditions. A study of 29 patients with bladder, lung, and colon cancer, including analysis of 20 primary tumor tissues (biopsy specimens), was negative for the presence of mutations producing substitutions of the 12th amino acid in the p21 product of the c-H-ras gene.312 Mutation of c-K-ras would be more frequent than mutation of c-H-ras or c-N-ras in tumors. By DNA restriction length polymorphism studies mutation at the 12th codon of the c-K-ras proto-oncogene was detected in the primary tumor tissue of a squamous cell lung carcinoma removed from a 66-year-old man.46 The mutation present in this patient was of a somatic origin since it was present in the tumor tissue but not in normal tissue from the same patient. Another possible point mutation of c-K-ras was detected in the tumor from a patient with serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary by DNA transfection assay and demonstration of an altered electrophoretic mobility of the respective p21 protein product.305 Activation of c-K-ras has also been observed in a human pancreas carcinoma.313 Mutation at codon 12 of c-N-ras was detected in the tumor cells from a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia at the outbreak of the clinical disease, determining a change from glycin to aspartic acid in the p21ras polypeptide product.314
Dual Energy Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Characterization
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Lung Imaging and CADx, 2019
Victor Gonzalez-Perez, Estanislao Arana, David Moratal
Earlier studies [5] have found that iodine concentration, slope of the spectral curves, and the CT number at 40 kV significantly distinguished (p < 0.05) between squamous cell lung carcinoma and ADC. It is hypothesized that ADC has a rich and homogeneous capillarity with more angiogenesis than squamous carcinoma, and a smaller presence of hemorrhagic and necrotic zones [43]. Squamous cell carcinoma grows more slowly and has more fragile capillaries that break more easily. Thus, it is related to more cases of necrosis and less iodine contrast absorption than ADC [44]. We highlight that our univariate analysis, L(A), showed an AUC of 0.80, whereas in other studies with multivariate analysis where texture analysis was used [45], the best result was obtained for a model with five parameters, with an AUC of 0.72 for a sample of patients (62 ADC and 90 squamous cell carcinoma) on a validation data set.
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Adenosquamous Carcinoma
Published in Dongyou Liu, Tumors and Cancers, 2017
Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (pulmonary SCC or squamous cell lung carcinoma) is a common type of NSCLC that is characterized by the proliferation of atypical, often pleomorphic squamous cells. The tumor is graded as well, moderately, or poorly differentiated; and well-differentiated carcinoma is usually associated with keratin production and the presence of intercellular bridges between adjacent cells. It accounts for 30% of all lung neoplasms.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: improving the detection and management of immune-related adverse events
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
Lara Kujtan, Rama Krishna Kancha, Beth Gustafson, Lindsey Douglass, Christopher RH Ward, Blake Buzard, Janakiraman Subramanian
The advent of ICIs represents considerable progress in the management of advanced stage squamous cell lung carcinoma. Most patients with advanced stage squamous cell lung cancer are candidates for treatment with ICIs either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy. ICIs are well tolerated when compared to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Phase III trials with single agent ICIs in squamous cell lung carcinoma show that the overall incidence of adverse events is less when compared to cytotoxic chemotherapy [27,63]. Further, when combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy in appropriately selected patients, the improvements in survival are not outweighed by the increase in overall adverse events. Identifying biomarkers to best select those patients who benefit most from combination chemoimmunotherapy is an area of on-going research.
The potential diagnostic value of extracellular vesicle miRNA for human non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Hairong Huang, Jinyuan Zhu, Yong Lin, Zhexiao Zhang, Jie Liu, Chenfei Wang, Hongfu Wu, Tangbin Zou
Studies that were considered eligible in this meta-analysis met the following criteria: (a) study patients were diagnosed with NSCLC, squamous cell lung carcinoma, large cell lung carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma; (b) expressed EV miRNAs were detected in serum, plasma and pleural effusion; (c) The analysis investigated the relationship between the expression of EV miRNAs and clinical outcomes of NSCLC; (d) published in English; (e) cohort, case-control studies were included. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (a) reviews, meta-analysis, letters, non-human studies, non-English; (b) not NSCLC; (c) repeated researches; (d) unrelated EV; (e) incomplete data lacking sensitivity (SEN) or specificity (SPE) or both of them to reassess a 2 × 2 table; and (f) control group had no clear definition .
Pulmonary artery coil embolisation prevented tumour progression in a patient with advanced squamous cell lung carcinoma
Published in Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020
Virginija Šileikienė, Viktorija Gurskytė, Ingrida Zeleckienė, Elena Bernotienė, Sigitas Čibiras
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of malignancy-related mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 25% of all cancer deaths (1,2). One of the most prevalent histological types of lung cancer is squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC), which constitutes 25–30% of all lung cancer cases and is strongly associated with cigarette smoking (3,4). The survival rates of lung cancer are largely dependent on the cancer stage at the time of diagnosing and the histological type of the tumour. On average, 50.3% of patients with localised stage lung cancer survive for 5 years (2). Unfortunately, 48.7–57% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are diagnosed in late stages of the disease, when the options for treatment are limited and the chances of surviving are poor (2,5,6). For instance, the median survival of patients with advanced SqCLC receiving first-line platinum-based chemotherapy is only 8–11 months (7). Nevertheless, there have been nearly 40 cases of spontaneous regression and longer survival in patients with advanced NSCLC documented in literature from 1950 to 2020, most of whom were diagnosed with SqCLC (8,9). In this paper, we present a rare case of long-term survival with metastatic SqCLC following chemotherapy and endovascular embolisation of the right pulmonary artery with 33 coils due to massive haemoptysis.