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Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Passive smoking, also called environmental tobacco smoke, secondhand smoke, or involuntary smoking is the inhalation of cigarette smoke exhaled by a smoker or produced by a burning tobacco product in a nonsmoker (110). Cigarette smoking in public spaces such as in public transit, schools, hospitals, and cinemas is now banned since about ten years ago in many countries. Passive smoking at home can cause lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis in nonsmoking neighbors (108, 110). In general, children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke show deterioration of lung function, more pulmonary infections, more days of restricted activity, more days in bed, more hospitalization, and more absences from school than children living in nonsmoking homes (108). Pregnant women exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk of having a baby with a small reduction in birth weight (110). Of course, cigarette smoking is not only harmful for the smoker, but also for his or her neighbors. For the sake of the health of yourself and your family, try to quit cigarette smoking completely.
Environmental Inhaled Agents and Their Relation to Lung Cancer
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
Active cigarette smoking is now firmly established to be the dominant factor for the present epidemic of lung cancer worldwide, as is well summarized in a series of no less than 14 U.S. Surgeon General’s Reports from 1964 to 1982 and four reports (one being a follow-up report) of the Royal College of Physician of London from 1962 to 1983 on smoking and health. The subject is not within the scope of discussion in this chapter. Passive smoking or involuntary smoking is the exposure of nonsmokers to tobacco combustion products in the indoor environment, and has aroused interest and concern in recent years because of fears concerning possible serious health hazards, particularly lung cancer.
Lung cancer and mesothelioma
Published in Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler, Clinical Oncology, 2020
The majority of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to the exposure of the bronchial epithelium to inhaled carcinogens. There is a strong causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer, with 90% of cases attributable to the use of tobacco in males and 80% in females. The bronchial tree and alveoli are directly exposed to the inhaled smoke and it is the hydrocarbon carcinogens such as benzopyrene liberated by the combustion of tar that are responsible, rather than nicotine. These lead to metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium from a columnar pattern to a squamous one, eventually leading to dysplasia and carcinoma. The risk of developing lung cancer is related to the duration and intensity of smoking, increasing with the rise in the number of cigarettes or weight of tobacco smoked per day, increasing tar content, shorter cigarette stubs and use of non-filter brands. The tumours tend to be found adjacent to the larger airways of the lung comprising mainly squamous cell carcinoma and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Evidence suggests that passive smoking leads to an increased risk of lung cancer. The lung cancer risk declines towards that of non-smokers after 10–20 years of abstinence, although there is a persistent risk in those who have smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day. Smoking intake can be described in pack years, this is calculated by multiplying the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day by the number of years the person has smoked (one pack = 20 cigarettes).
Novel role for integrin β4 in asthmatic children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2023
Xia Ou, Zhongyue Fang, Weijie Li, Yunxin Xia, Jianming Xia, Jihong Zhang
Between January 2020 and December 2021, our department admitted 70 445 patients with asthma (total hospital admissions = 1,099 015). All of the patients were 1–14 years of age, with an average age of 5.7 years. The overall prevalence of asthma was 6.41%. Of 70 445 asthma patients, 36 019 were boys and 34 426 were girls; there were no differences in sex by number (P > 0.05). Based on the epidemiologic survey, the children (3–7 years of age) who lived in suburbs were exposed to passive smoking; those children who were exposed to additional risk factors had a different prevalence of asthma (Table 1). The severe symptoms that asthma self-reported included wheezing, dyspnea, cough, and shortness of breath. The most common complications of asthma were allergic rhinitis and GERD.
Effect of dietary n-6: n-3 Poly-Unsaturated fatty acids ratio on gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Yueqi Fu, Ya Yang, Liyuan Zhu, Jing Chen, Ningning Yu, Mei Zhao
Study participants were surveyed for sociodemographic information (age, occupation, education, and monthly income), lifestyle factors (passive smoking, and physical activity), reproductive factor (whether primipara or not), and family history of diabetes using structured questionnaires at enrollment. Passive smoking was identified as inhaling smoke from smokers for more than 15 min a day, more than three days a week in the past year. Physical activity was assessed as number of days doing any form of exercise in an average week (almost no, 1–3days, and 4–6 days per week), and was re-categorized as no exercise, occasionally exercise and regularly exercise. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing self-reported pre-pregnancy body weight in kilograms by the square of measured height in meters.
Relationship between psychosocial characteristics and asthma management self-efficacy of caregiver mothers: a pilot study of pediatric asthma management in Turkey
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2022
Küçük et al. (2012) surveyed 873 passive smoking children and found an association between secondhand smoke and respiratory diseases (p = 0.05). In the study, 293 (33.6%) of the children had a household member smoking at home, while among 293 children (38.9%) exposed to secondhand smoke, 114 had a respiratory disease (Küçük et al., 2012). Research including a total of 500 babies aged 1–24 months reported that 46.6% of the parents (n = 233) smoked at home. We found statistically significant and strong correlations between the rate of smoking at home and children with recurrent asthma (p < 0.001) (Paketci et al., 2016). In parallel with the literature, we found a significantly high rate (36%) of parental smoking around asthmatic children in this study, indicating that the participants neglect their children’s health needs.