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Pediatric Health
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Adequate sleep duration and sleep quality are essential to maintaining a healthy lifestyle for children and adolescents (Hagan et al., 2017). What constitutes proper sleep hygiene in children will vary by age. For infants, sleep discussions have to include information about a safe sleep environment (noting that families from various cultures may view sleep differently). A safe sleep environment, as described by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), is one that reduces the risk of suffocation through the elimination of items such as loose, soft bedding in the crib. Infant sleep position is as important as the sleep environment. Infants should be placed on their backs for every sleep because of the reduction of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Room sharing but not bed sharing is recommended by the AAP. With room sharing, the infant is placed in a separate, but nearby, sleep space (such as a crib) rather than sharing the same bed as their parents. Bed sharing is discouraged as it has been shown to increase the risk of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) (AAP, 2016).
The Injection Pathway and Other Entry Channels
Published in Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari, Advances in Nanopathology From Vaccines to Food, 2021
Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari
SIDS is an acronym for sudden infant death syndrome, a condition referring to the unexpected death of children under the age of one year, often between the second and fourth months of life, which occurs during sleep. The syndrome has been known for decades and has never found a definite explanation. The autopsies which the corpses of the children have undergone have never revealed anything which could be called abnormal, except for some rare cases such as that of a 7-month-old girl in whose brain, in the area postrema, the area at the base of the fourth ventricle, characterised by a great vascularity and outside the blood-brain barrier, evident traces of a household insecticide were found [68].
Water-Related Deaths by Manner
Published in Kevin L. Erskine, Erica J. Armstrong, Water-Related Death Investigation, 2021
Sudden death in an infant with little or no injuries or other anatomic cause of death may have the initial appearance of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). SIDS is a diagnosis made by the exclusion of other anatomic, infectious, toxicological, traumatic, and environmental causes of death in an infant age one to twelve months. While studies implicating abnormalities in the neurochemical regulation of cardiorespiratory function coupled with certain environmental risk factors have been published, there remains no definitive structural finding(s) or clinical test for the diagnosis of SIDS.6 The autopsy findings in SIDS are few and nonspecific, with some similarity to asphyxial deaths (organ congestion and petechial hemorrhage). If a true homicidal drowning presents with incomplete investigative information and little or equivocal supportive findings of submersion and drowning at the scene and at autopsy, the designation of the death as SIDS becomes a possibility. This possibility is increased when the investigation of these deaths lacks detailed documentation of the scene, terminal circumstances, and medical and social history with the completion of a SUIDI-RF form, previously referenced in Chapter 1.
Modeling of infant safe sleep practice in a newborn nursery: a quality improvement initiative
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Eunice Hsu, Lauren Isbell, Danielle Arnold, Maheswari Ekambaram
Sudden unexpected infant death is defined as the sudden and unexpected death of any newborn <1 year of age and includes sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), death from unknown cause, and accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed.1 SIDS is one of the leading causes of infant mortality in the US, contributing to 1250 deaths in 2019.2 In July 2022, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) released updated guidelines with recommendations for a safe sleep environment to reduce the risk of all sleep-related infant deaths. These recommendations reinforced the importance of a supine sleeping position, use of a firm, flat, noninclined sleep surface, room sharing without bed-sharing, and avoidance of soft objects. The guidelines also provided specific recommendations for staff in the newborn nursery to endorse and model the SIDS risk-reduction recommendations from birth and well before anticipated discharge.3
SIDS in Saudi Arabia: Reality or Myth?
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
We conducted a study on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Saudi Arabia. SIDS affects nearly half of all post-neonatal deaths, particularly in Western countries, and relies on a thorough autopsy for a diagnosis of exclusion. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and SIDS International have developed an International Standardized Autopsy Protocol for infant death [1], and involve radiological, histological, toxicological, metabolic, molecular and microbiological testing, and internal and external examination. The prevalence and processes related to SIDS in the Middle East and the issue of autopsies, especially in children, is a sensitive issue for Muslim practitioners whose cultural and religious beliefs guide autopsy protocols and influence conditions that permit autopsies. In this environment, the exact causes of infant death remain understudied.
Enhanced Ectasia Screening in Patients with Uveitis and Isolated Systemic Inflammatory Disease
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Ibrahim Toprak, Ebru Nevin Cetin, Selen Akbulut, Gokhan Pekel, Selcuk Yuksel, Veli Cobankara
From an epidemiological perspective, the recent literature has conflicting results about association between SIDs and KC. For instance, a longitudinal cohort study by Woodward et al. in a diverse group of individuals with KC (n = 16,053 and 1:1 matched controls) in the United States reported that patients with systemic collagen vascular disease had 35% lower odds of KC.29 On the other hand, another nationwide retrospective cohort study by Lee et al. in Korean population (n = 1,108,369) found no associations of connective tissue disorders and IBD with KC (n = 613).30 Similarly, Bak-Nielsen et al.31 showed no association between KC vs. IBD and RA in a cohort that included 2,679 patients with KC in Denmark. It seems that the relation between SIDs and KC varies in different nations or ethnicities similar to variable prevalence of KC. Furthermore, the commonly seen type of SID in the populations might also affect KC incidence. For instance, RA was the most frequently detected SID in eyes with KC and KC suspect in our study. However, there was no data regarding RA incidence in above-mentioned studies by Woodward et al. and Lee et al.29,30