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Cavitation, Thin-walled Cysts and Bullae, their Association with Tumours. Emphysema. Fat and Calcification. Spurious Tumours. Intravascular, Pulmonary Interstitial & Mediastinal Gas, and Pneumoperitoneum.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Lipoid pneumonia can also occur from nasal medications containing mineral oil (even pure olive oil), smoking tobacco containing 'black fat', cleaning aircraft undercarriages with an oil mist, inhaling oil from oil lubricated air compressors, the inhalation of burning animal fat, and the spraying of car bodies with waxy-oils, prior to transportation (Illus. EMPHYSEMA, Pt. 37a-b). The inhaled oil is emulsified by lung lipase, resulting in a foreign body reaction.
Genosomes (DNA−Lipid Complexes)
Published in Danilo D. Lasic, LIPOSOMES in GENE DELIVERY, 2019
Toxicity in mice was studied by Stewart et al. (1992). DC-Chol:DOPE complexes were administered intravenously and in the tumors. No inflammation, no major abnormalities, no liver malfunction as measured by blood chemistry of various enzymes and no changes in electrocardiogram were observed. This study supported application of these complexes in human studies. Similar is the situation for inhalation of aerosols. While reversible inflammation was recently reported (Chen, 1995), exogeneous lipid pneumonia is another problem with lipid administration via airways (Malone, personal communication) which has not been addressed yet.
Thorax
Published in Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson, The Essential Guide to the New FRCR Part 2A and Radiology Boards, 2017
Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson
Chronic alveolar infiltrate may be caused by the following conditions. True or false? Lipoid pneumonia.Goodpasture’s syndrome.Alveolar proteinosis.Pulmonary contusion.Alveolar cell carcinoma.
Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI): A Rural Appalachian Experience
Published in Hospital Practice, 2021
Rahul Sangani, Edward Rojas, Michael Forte, Rafia Zulfikar, Nicole Prince, Antonios Tasoglou, Travis Goldsmith, Gary Casuccio, Jonathan Boyd, I. Mark Olfert, Melina Flanagan, Sunil Sharma
Lipoid pneumonia has been reported as the predominant injury pattern with vaping-related injuries [2,4]. In our series of 17 total patients, 9 (53%) were diagnosed with lipoid pneumonia based on lipid-laden macrophages detected in BAL. Interestingly, only 4/9 patients with lipoid pneumonia had a history of THC use or a positive UDS. This differs from recent findings by Blount et al., who reported vitamin E associated lung injury, 94% of whom had detectable THC in BAL samples [18]. We believe the addition of flavoring compounds or other additives in vaping products may be responsible for the ‘chemical injury’ of the lung and disruption of surfactants [19,20]. Interestingly, this may redefine the injury pattern as ‘endogenous’ lipoid pneumonia rather than previously reported exogenous lipoid pneumonia [15,21].
Bronchoalveolar lavage: role in the evaluation of pulmonary interstitial disease
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Stanca-Patricia Hogea, Emanuela Tudorache, Camelia Pescaru, Monica Marc, Cristian Oancea
Lipoid pneumonia (LP) is a rare disease caused by the presence of lipid in the alveoli. It is classified into two major groups, exogenous LP (the lipid/oil in the respiratory tract is from an exogenous source) and endogenous LP (endogenous/idiopathic source). Pathologically, this disease is characterized by lipid-laden macrophages. LP may be confirmed by demonstration of intra-alveolar lipid and lipid-laden macrophages in respiratory specimens such as sputum, BAL fluid or fine-needle aspiration cytology/biopsy from lung lesions [100]. The presence of lipids in macrophages is detected by use an Oil-red-O stain. Treatment of LP is not well studied. The published literature concerning treatment modalities is based only on case reports. There are reports which shows that therapeutic multiple whole-lung lavage is an efficient method to remove intra-alveolar mineral oil with successfully improvement of clinic, radiological and laboratorial parameters [101,102].
All up in smoke: vaping-associated lung injury
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2020
Jingjing Chen, Samuel English, Jennifer A. Ogilvie, Man Kit M. Siu, Anita Tammara, Christopher J. Haas
Lipoid pneumonia has been well documented in the literature, first formally described by Laughlen [38]. In this landmark work, Laughen described ‘an unusual microscopic picture in autopsy sections from cases of pneumonia, that were found in all lobes of the lung except the left upper lobe’ [38]. Of the examined specimens, alveoli contained ‘almost exclusively, large vacuolated mononuclear cells, that contained so many droplets that they were distorted in shape and considerably swollen’. The droplets were noted to be exclusively of oil with the ‘oil containing cells appearing healthy, even those loaded with droplets’. Retrospective analysis noted that all patients had received various lipophilic compounds via nasopharyngeal administration – paraffin or menthol/abalone (a ‘customary practice to treat nose and throat infections’) – that was temporally associated with the development of fever and hypoxia, quite similar to EVALI patients who inhale a lipid-rich aerosol base composed of vegetable glycerin and propylene glycol [38]. He complimented his observation with direct application of menthol/aboline to live rabbits and subsequently observed the ‘presence of vacuolated mononuclear cells of the same type and character as the clinical cases’ as well as the presence of ‘red blood corpuscles’ [38]. Later studies also highlighted the complicated clinical presentation in lipoid pneumonia noting the presence not only of lipid-laden macrophages, but also the presence of alveolar hemorrhage [39,40]. For such cases of lipoid pneumonia, steroids appear to be a well-documented treatment modality [41].