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EpidemiologySummary of Mental Health of Children and Young People in England (2017)
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Specific mental health disorders were grouped into four broad categories, i.e. emotional, behavioural, hyperactivity and other less common disorders. Emotional disorders were the most prevalent type of disorder experienced by 5- to 19-year olds in 2017 (8.1%).
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Published in Judy Z. Koenigsberg, Anxiety Disorders, 2020
Recently, Leichsenring and Steinert (2018) recommended integrating the principles for anxiety and depression into one unified psychodynamic treatment protocol (UPP-EMO) that is comprised of seven modules, and they point out similarities and differences between their model and Barlow et al.’s (2004) unified treatment for emotional disorders. The following vignette focuses on Leichsenring and Steinert’s (2018) Module 6 of the unified psychodynamic protocol for “emotional disorders” (UPP-EMO), a vignette that includes the notion of defining and working on the core conflict.
Reflections of a child and adolescent psychiatrist
Published in Chris Donovan, Heather C Suckling, Zoe Walker, Janet Bell, Tami Kramer, Sheila R Cross, Difficult Consultations with Adolescents, 2018
Chris Donovan, Heather C Suckling, Zoe Walker, Janet Bell, Tami Kramer, Sheila R Cross
Recognition of these emotional disorders could serve a range of functions. It may make overt a hidden morbidity which influences help seeking. Adolescents may be relieved to have their distress recognised, with the potential for specific intervention. They may learn early on that primary care is an access point for help with emotional difficulty, and that emotional complaints are valid in themselves as a reason for presentation. Furthermore, the presence of disorder is associated with greater exposure to health risks, such as drugs and suicidal ideation,1 presenting an opportunity for prevention.
Fused CNN-LSTM deep learning emotion recognition model using electroencephalography signals
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
A hybrid neural network with the composition of spatial and temporal characteristics of input signals was used for the classification of various emotions. This classification model appears to be effective for analyzing the arousal and valence emotions, and negative and positive emotions using the publicly available EEG databases namely DEAP and SEED respectively. The input emotions of DEAP were visualized for HALA, HVLV, familiarity, dominance and liking. Similarly for SEED, the input signals were classified as positive and negative degrees of emotions. The average accuracies analyzed by the classification model for DEAP are 97.39%, 97.41%, 98.21%, 97.68%, and 97.89 for arousal, valence, familiarity, dominance and liking respectively The model has been evaluated over the SEED dataset for the detection of positive and negative emotions, which results with an average accuracy of 93.74% which is comparatively not good as on DEAP. For the mental healthcare management systems, such a model can be adopted as an effective technique for analyzing certain emotional disorders. The fusion of deep learning models namely CNN and LSTM-RNN seems to perform better for the analysis of emotions using EEG signals. The developed model using DEAP signals has been evaluated on the SEED dataset to compare its performance for different real-time EEG signals. The results show that the developed deep learning robust model can classify the inner emotions of different physiological signals such as EEG without hand-engineered feature extraction and selection.
Prevalence of Different Approaches to Clinical Hypnosis: Bridging Research and Practice
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2023
I have previously argued that the unique nature of hypnosis is such that the RCT is limited for studying its therapeutic effects (McCann & Landes, 2010). This was based in part on the use of disorder-specific, inflexible treatment manuals in most RCTs of nonpharmacological treatments. Since the time of that review, new advances in research methods have improved the outlook for testing hypnotic interventions, and treatment manuals are written with greater flexibility built into them. Most notably, the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) of David Barlow and colleagues, first published in 2011 but now in its second edition, does away with rigid diagnostic categories and instead examines common phenomenology across disorders and treatment approaches (Barlow, Farchione, Sauer-Zavala et al., 2017; Barlow, Sauer-Savala et al., 2017), with emphasis on core treatment modules applicable to a number of different disorders. The UP has shown promising results across a range of anxiety-related conditions (Barlow, Farchione, Bullis et al., 2017), and a recent meta-analysis of the UP found large effect sizes for its use in treating both depression and anxiety among children, adolescents, and adults (Carlucci et al., 2021). Newer research methods beyond the standard RCT, such as noninferiority trials and pragmatic clinical trials also hold promise for the testing of hypnotic interventions.
Applying the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents to Misophonia: A Case Example
Published in Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2023
Niza A. Tonarely-Busto, Dominique A. Phillips, Estefany Saez-Clarke, Ashley Karlovich, Kelly Kudryk, Adam B. Lewin, Jill Ehrenreich-May
Theoretical models regarding the overlap between emotional disorders may provide a useful framework for identifying effective treatments for misophonia. Barlow et al. (2014) theorized that there is a core dysfunction – neuroticism – common across emotional disorders. They posit that those with emotional disorders tend to experience frequent and intense negative emotions. Individuals perceive themselves to be incapable of tolerating these emotions, and subsequently respond with behaviors to escape, avoid, or suppress them. These avoidant behaviors are then negatively reinforced over time (Barlow et al., 2014). This core dysfunction is the focus of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP; Barlow et al., 2017) and its downward adaptations, the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents (UP-C and UP-A; Ehrenreich-May et al., 2018). Given the theory that underlies the UP-C and UP-A, these treatments may be well suited for misophonia in youth. Additionally, the UP-C and UP-A, unlike other disorder-specific treatment protocols, target a range of emotions, which may be more suitable to misophonia, which is associated with a variety of emotional responses to distress (e.g., avoidance, aggression). The UP-C and UP-A also incorporate exposure techniques, and allow for the use of an inhibitory learning approach, which may be better suited for misophonia (Frank & McKay, 2019).