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Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Fredrick Dombrowski, Natasha Chung, Robert Yates
Oppositional Defiant Disorder: A disorder often diagnosed prior to adulthood in which an individual is prone to lose their temper, become easily annoyed or irritated with others, maintain an interpersonal hostile mood, and show vindictive or spiteful behaviors toward others.
Juvenile Disruptive Behaviour Disorders
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Many children with ODD have an emotionally labile temperament, with irritability being an important feature of the disorder. Their parents often find such children difficult to care for. Children with ODD find it difficult to regulate their emotions and cope with challenging situations by being aggressive and oppositional.
Oppositional defiant behaviour
Published in MS Thambirajah, Case Studies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2018
The diagnostic category of ODD describes a group of behaviours shown by children who exhibit persistent, developmentally inappropriate levels of anger, irritability, defiance and oppositionality which cause functional impairment. Such children have been noted to show verbal aggression and some also display physically aggressive behaviour. Epidemiological studies have shown that the average age of onset of ODD is about 6 years and its overall prevalence is around 3% in boys and girls between the ages of 4 to 18 years (Lahey et al., 1999). The main features of ODD are losing their temper often, arguing often with adults, actively defying or refusing to comply, deliberately annoying people, blaming others, being touchy and easily annoyed (seeBox 1.1). Such children are often angry or resentful and spiteful or vindictive. In addition some children may show destructiveness such as destroying their toys, punching holes in doors and being deliberately spiteful.
Tic disorder developing following risperidone in a child with oppositional defiant disorder
Published in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2018
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is defined as persistence for at least six months of four out of eight symptoms in three categories consisting of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behaviour and vindictiveness. It is classified among the disruptive behaviour disorders. Disruptive behaviour disorders constitute a group of psychological problems involving conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and disruptive behaviour disorder not otherwise specified [1]. The main difficulties encountered in disruptive behaviour disorders are aggression and willfulness. Disruptive behaviours are often treated with off-label use of various medications designed for other conditions, such as psychostimulant drugs, mood regulators and antipsychotics [2]. Previous research data have shown that risperidone improves symptoms in children with ODD and is effective against aggressive behaviour [3,4]. Tic disorder is a neuropsychiatric disease characterized by the presence of sudden and repeated involuntary movements or vocalizations, with varying degrees of intensity and frequency and with an unpredictable course. Tics have been linked to basal ganglion anomalies and particularly to functional impairment of striatal GABAergic networks and excessive striatal dopamine [5]. Although the aetiology of tic disorder is unclear, while genetic and environmental causes are capable of causing them, tic disorders may also appear as a side-effect of some drugs [6,7]. We present a case of tic disorder developing following risperidone use during treatment of a child diagnosed with ODD. The family provided written consent for the publication of this report.
Executive functioning and emotion recognition in youth with oppositional defiant disorder and/or conduct disorder
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2020
Renee Kleine Deters, Jilly Naaijen, Mireia Rosa, Pascal M. Aggensteiner, Tobias Banaschewski, Melanie C. Saam, Ulrike M. E. Schulze, Arjun Sethi, Michael C. Craig, Ilyas Sagar-Ouriaghli, Paramala Santosh, Josefina Castro-Fornieles, María J. Penzol, Celso Arango, Julia E. Werhahn, Daniel Brandeis, Barbara Franke, Jeffrey Glennon, Jan K. Buitelaar, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Andrea Dietrich
Still, our understanding of the specific deficits related to ODD and CD is limited. This may be in part due to the fact that ODD has often been considered as a milder form and possible precursor of CD (Matthys et al. 2013), with studies frequently combining both disorders into a single group. Yet, not all youth with ODD will develop CD (Burke et al. 2002; Rowe et al. 2010), and neurocognitive characteristics in CD may in part differ from those in ODD (Matthys et al. 2013). Currently, we lack studies directly comparing youth with ODD-only with those with CD. In addition, studies in ODD/CD have inconsistently controlled for comorbid ADHD and internalising symptoms, and even studies that did have reported mixed results (e.g. Munkvold et al. 2014; Griffith et al. 2019).
Psychiatric comorbidities of mild intellectual disability in children and adolescents in a clinical setting
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2021
Selma Tural Hesapcioglu, Mehmet Fatih Ceylan, Meryem Kasak, Cansu Pınar Yavas
The diagnosis of ODD is broadly based on a frequent and persistent anger or irritable mood, argumentativeness/defiance, and vindictiveness (APA 2013). ODD was present in 35% of the children under the age of 12 years and 11% of the children over 12 years of age. The ability of young children with ID to express themselves is low, but it grows as their age rises. For this reason, there may have been a decrease in these negative behaviors. ADHD and ODD comorbidities have been seen at high rates in several studies (Park et al.2017).Another reason for the high ODD comorbidity in the young children with mild ID was the high level of the ADHD comorbidity in our study.