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Adolescents With Co-occurring Disorders
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski
Conduct disorder is a reference to antisocial behavior in youth and, if diagnosed prior to adolescence, has a direct correlation with having had extreme adversity in the home environment and is indicative of developing an antisocial personality disorder as the youth becomes an adult (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). CD has been linked with early abuse of alcohol in adolescents and is a disorder found more prevalently in males (Clark et al., 1997b). Those with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower cognitive functioning were found to have higher risks for developing AOD use (Span & Earleywine, 1999; Dawes et al., 2000). When considering the higher risk for substance use in those with ADHD, it has been noted that treating ADHD with stimulant medications like amphetamine will reduce impulsive behaviors, fidgeting, and inability to concentrate early on, but the research is inconclusive on whether the children who have taken such medications will develop substance use disorders later in life due to the brain changes caused by taking prescription amphetamine, with some preliminary studies suggesting this will not occur (Nelson & Galon, 2012; Zulauf et al., 2014) and others suggesting that psychotropic medications of this sort will lead to chronic brain disabling if used long term (Breggin, 2011).
Juvenile Disruptive Behaviour Disorders
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
For conduct disorder confined to the family context the following criteria must be met: The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder must be met.Three or more of the symptoms listed for conduct disorder must be present, with a least three from items 9–23. At least one of the symptoms from items 9–23 must have been present for at least six months.Conduct disturbance must be limited to the family context.
Psychological Disorders
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Conduct disorder is defined as a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or important age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. Disordered behaviors include aggression toward people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness, theft, or serious violations of rules (e.g., school truancy, running away from home overnight). Conduct disorder is the childhood equivalent of adult antisocial personality disorder. It is a common disorder in child outpatient psychiatric clinics and is frequently seen comorbid with ADHD or learning disorders. Parental separation or divorce, parental substance abuse, severely poor or inconsistent parenting, and association with a delinquent peer group have been shown to have some relationship to the development of conduct disorder.
Current pharmacotherapy options for conduct disorders in adolescents and children
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Sohil Khan, John Down, Nisreen Aouira, William Bor, Alison Haywood, Robyn Littlewood, Helen Heussler, Brett McDermott
Given the obstacles to best practice and the challenge of urgency, acuity and severity, medication is often an ethical first line response with the aim of rapid symptom reduction. Atypical antipsychotics such as risperidone demonstrate efficacy when prescribed for 6–12 weeks, however, are associated with significant weight gain and abnormal metabolic parameters. Depending on comorbidity, a range of other pharmacotherapeutic options may be appropriate. Given the lack of clear evidence and the heterogeneity of conduct disorder in children and adolescents, clinical judgment is key in determining the most appropriate treatment. Once symptoms of aggression are reduced, therapists can focus on the key drivers through the application of evidence-based psychosocial interventions.
Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Symptoms Among Incarcerated Youth: A Meta-Analysis of 30 Studies
Published in International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2019
Maria Livanou, Vivek Furtado, Catherine Winsper, Annabelle Silvester, Swaran P. Singh
In addition, conduct disorder might be a prodromal sign of ASPD and the results of this study showed considerably high prevalence of conduct disorder especially in female youth. The results of the current review diverge from those of Fazel’s et al. (2008) and Colin’s et al. (2010) reviews. We found a higher pooled prevalence of conduct disorder especially in young females. The pooled prevalence for males was 68% and for females 66%, while Fazel found a prevalence of 52.8% for both genders. Colins who examined CD in males only reported a prevalence of 46.4%. The reasons for the higher prevalence in our review are unclear and may reflect changes in diagnostic criteria, methodological variations across studies, or a genuine increase in CD rates (Singh & Winsper, 2017).
Pharmacological strategies for the management of the antisocial personality disorder
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
Antisocial personality disorder (AsPD), one of the ten personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) [1], is described as an enduring, pervasive, and inflexible pattern of ‘disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others’ that markedly deviates from the expectations of the individual’s culture. The condition is stable over time since its onset in adolescence or early adulthood, with evidence of a conduct disorder (CD) at least before 15 years [1]. Clinical features and DSM-based diagnostic criteria of AsPD include failure to conform to social norms, deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability and aggressiveness, reckless disregard for safety, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse.