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Negative Symptoms and Cognitive Deficits
Published in Ragy R. Girgis, Gary Brucato, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Understanding and Caring for People with Schizophrenia, 2020
Ragy R. Girgis, Gary Brucato, Jeffrey A. Lieberman
Therefore, we enrolled Nellie in a program of cognitive rehabilitation. While there are no approved treatments for negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, there are some therapies that, while not FDA approved, have some evidence for efficacy. For example, cognitive remediation is a type of cognitive rehabilitation that has patients repeatedly perform tasks that improve their attention, memory, planning, and other executive functions (1). These tasks are often performed on a computer and can be enjoyable, implemented in something like a video game format.
Vitamin C in Neurological Function and Neurodegenerative Disease
Published in Qi Chen, Margreet C.M. Vissers, Vitamin C, 2020
Shilpy Dixit, David C. Consoli, Krista C. Paffenroth, Jordyn M. Wilcox, Fiona E. Harrison
Huntington disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease with cognitive, psychiatric, and motor impairments affecting 10.6 per 100,000 individuals worldwide [118]. Symptoms typically manifest mid-life (<50 years of age) with a median survival of 18 years following symptom onset [119]. Cognitive deficits present as executive dysfunction, difficulty multitasking, memory loss, and difficulty learning. Psychiatric disturbances include depression, apathy, suicidal ideation, anxiety, irritability, and agitation. Motor impairments, the hallmark symptom of HD, present differently depending on the stage of the disease. Early on, chorea is typical, while in late-stage HD, rigidity, dystonia, and dyskinesia are prevalent. Cognitive and psychiatric symptoms often precede motor symptoms, although this is often identified in hindsight. Disease onset is defined by the point in time when characteristic motor symptoms emerge [119,120]. There is no cure and current treatment, such as the monoamine-depleting drug tetrabenazine, focuses on alleviating symptoms with no effect on progression of the disease [121,122].
Mobile Technology in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Current Trends and Lessons Learnt
Published in Christopher M. Hayre, Dave J. Muller, Marcia J. Scherer, Everyday Technologies in Healthcare, 2019
Caitlin Brandenburg, Emma Power
Apart from language deficits, people with aphasia may also experience other deficits related to the damage to their brain, which can affect their ability to use technology. For example, motor deficits resulting from stroke or increased age are likely to cause difficulties with the complex fine motor skills required to tap and swipe a touch screen (Szabo & Dittelman 2014). Presence of hemiplegia may also impact, requiring use of the non-dominant hand. However, some people with motor deficits may actually find the touchscreen to be a facilitator to use, compared with keyboard and mouse input (Palmer et al. 2012). Cognitive deficits may affect ability to learn new skills, recall information or perform complex tasks. Vision impairments, as a result of damage to the brain or increased age, may include presbyopia (inability to focus on close objects), decreased contrast sensitivity and dark/light adaptation and slower recovery from glare (Carter 1994). These have obvious implications for the small screens common in mobile devices, including reading text, viewing picture/video and using touchscreen buttons.
Understanding visual-spatial perceptual deficits in individuals with multiple sclerosis: an analysis of patient performance on the Hooper Visual Organization Test and Visual Form Discrimination
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
VFD is 16-item multiple-choice measure of visual-spatial analysis and recognition. Items consist of a target set of stimuli and four stimulus sets situated below the target, one of which is the correct match for the target. The non-matching stimulus sets contain variations of displacement, rotation, and distortion. Examinees look at the target stimulus set and simply choose one of the four stimulus sets located below it that is an exact match for the target [32]. Items are scored as fully correct (2 points), partially correct secondary to a peripheral error (1 point), or incorrect secondary to a major rotation or distortion (0 points) and are summed to obtain a total raw score, with higher scores corresponding to better functioning. Performance classifications range from unimpaired (raw score > 25) to severely defective (raw score < 23). The test has been shown to be useful in detecting cognitive deficits in a variety of clinical populations [22, 32].
The effect of chronic neuropeptide-S treatment on non-motor parameters in experimental model of Parkinson’s disease
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Osman Sinen, Mehmet Bülbül, Narin Derin, Ayse Ozkan, Guven Akcay, Mutay Aydın Aslan, Aysel Agar
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) [1]. Although the mechanism of neuronal degeneration in PD is not completely understood, many factors including brain aging, free radical production, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic predisposition and environmental toxins have been suggested to play a role in etiopathogenesis of PD [2,3]. Cardinal motor signs of PD are tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, imbalance, and postural reflex disturbance, additionally, common non-motor complications are depression, cognitive disorders, sleep loss, fatigue, and anxiety. Cognitive deficits often occur with the symptoms such as impaired language use, working memory and learning disorders, decreased visual-spatial impairment and dementia [4–6]. Non-motor clinical findings related to PD may be present at the onset of motor symptoms of the disease, in some cases years before the occurrence of the motor symptoms [7,8].
Coping with Suicidal Urges: An Important Factor for Suicide Risk Assessment and Intervention
Published in Archives of Suicide Research, 2021
Alejandro Interian, Megan Chesin, Anna Kline, Lauren St. Hill, Arlene King, Rachael Miller, Miriam Latorre, Michael Gara, Barbara Stanley
Participants were Veterans (N = 64) who were considered high-risk for suicide. Nearly all participants (90.1%) were recruited from two Veterans Health Administration (VHA) acute inpatient psychiatric facilities, where they were receiving treatment after suicidal ideation or attempt. Participants were recruited for a randomized controlled trial examining a mindfulness-based intervention to reduce suicidal behavior (Kline et al., 2016). Because the trial was examining a suicide-specific intervention, the current study utilized only participants randomized to the control condition, which included treatment-as-usual for high-risk Veterans. This consisted of enhanced monitoring by suicide prevention case managers, who tracked and facilitated engagement with usual mental health care. Inclusion criteria were (a) significant suicide risk during the previous 30 days and (b) designation by the VHA as high-risk for suicide or a 12-month history of actual, aborted or interrupted suicide attempt. Exclusion criteria were: (a) clinically significant cognitive deficits; (b) severe hallucinations or delusions; (c) disorganized or disruptive behaviors; (d) medical instability; or (e) previous year receipt of a mindfulness-based psychotherapy.