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Respiratory Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Ian Pavord, Nayia Petousi, Nick Talbot
This is chronic interstitial fibrosis resulting from asbestos inhalation. There is a dose–response relationship and asbestosis is usually seen in patients with many years of high exposure. It has a latency period of at least 15–20 years. Cigarette smoking increases risk and severity.
Sarcoidosis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Calcium and Vitamin D: Current corticosteroid dose, low dietary calcium, and low vitamin D3 levels are associated with bone fragility. In sarcoidosis, calcium and vitamin D supplementation may be warranted, but desirable D3 serum levels might be lower than those advised for the general population.9Cessation of Smoking: Giving up cigarette smoking can help alleviate lung symptoms. Sarcoidosis can be a lasting disease, so improving general health with regular exercise and a healthy diet is important.10
Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
The adverse effects of cigarette smoke on human health are widely recognized. Cigarette smoking is the main etiological agent in numerous diseases, in particular chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, and it is a known human carcinogen (109). It is the origin of about 90% of all lung cancer deaths and also of other cancers like cancers of esophagus, larynx, mouth, throat, kidney, bladder, liver, pancreas, stomach, cervix, colon, and rectum, as well as leukemia (109–111). Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ of the body, causes many diseases, and reduces the health and the lifespan of smokers in general. Smoking also causes heart disease, stroke, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, asthma, bronchitis, infertility, and more. It impairs immune function and enhances the development of many infectious diseases (109–111). Tobacco is already the leading cause of adult death in developed countries (109). There are more than 1.1 billion tobacco smokers worldwide of which 900 million are men and 200 million are women (109). Cigarette smoking causes more than 480,000 deaths each year in the United States (110).
Toxicological assessment of electronic cigarette vaping: an emerging threat to force health, readiness and resilience in the U.S. Army
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Marc A. Williams, Gunda Reddy, Michael J. Quinn, Amy Millikan Bell
Tobacco use is recognized as the leading cause of preventable death in the U.S., which kills more than 480,000 Americans each year (HHS 2014). The DoD has long recognized that the use of tobacco products has a detrimental effect on Military capability. It is also recognized that the Military is considered a high risk environment for cigarette smoking. Indeed, historical tobacco use by the U.S. Military and its association with Service personnel can be traced back to World War I, during which time tobacco companies deliberately targeted Service personnel by distributing cigarettes and including them in C- and K-rations (Joseph et al.2005). Nonetheless, there can be little to debate the fact that cigarette smoking contributes to significant adverse health outcomes, disrupts socio-economic well-being, and contributes to the worsening of indoor air quality and the environment in much broader terms (WHO 2017a).
The impact of filtered water-pipe smoke on healthy versus cancer cells and their neurodegenerative role on AMPA receptor
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Mohammed Hawash, Mohammad Qneibi, Nidal Jaradat, Murad Abualhasan, Johnny Amer, EL-Hamouz Amer, Tasneem Ibraheem, Siham Hindieh, Sama Tarazi, Shorooq Sobuh
Tobacco smoking, in its various forms, is one of the leading behavioral factors related to the increased risk of cancer, and one of the leading causes of death globally (Azab et al.2018, Hawash MM and Baytas 2018). Cigarette smoking is a health-threatening factor associated with severe diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis (Virdis et al.2010). It has been found that tobacco kills around six million people annually, most of which live in low-income countries, yet the number of deaths is expected to reach 8.3 million by 2030 (Husain et al.2016). More specifically, shisha smoking, a popular form of tobacco smoking, has been associated with the development of different cancer types such as Keratoacanthoma and lung cancer (El‐Hakim and Uthman 1999, Al-Belasy 2004). Findings also suggest that shisha smoking is associated with other deleterious health outcomes including periodontal disease respiratory illness, low birth weight, and the development of heart diseases like blood pressure, tachycardia and right ventricular function deterioration (Mazen and Aurabia 2000, Al-Belasy 2004). More so, shisha smokers are found to have a significant decrease in lung function parameters (Meo et al.2014).
A scoping review of the prevalence of use of substance among African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) people in Canada
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2020
Joseph Bertrand Nguemo Djiometio, Asfaw Buzuayew, LaRon E Nelson, Geoffrey Maina, Irene Njoroge, Meldon Kahan, Josephine Wong
equipment which increases the risk of HIV infection (Baidoobonso et al., 2012). This review identified that when people are drunk, they cannot refuse their partners, and some engage in unsafe sexual activities such as unprotected sexual activities (Baidoobonso et al., 2012). This review identified that cigarette smoking can lead to or causes lung cancer, gum/mouth disease, heart disease, asthma, premature/early death, chronic bronchitis/emphysema, bladder cancer, or vision loss/blindness (Elton-Marshall et al., 2018). It was reported that cannabis use can lead to harm such as cannabis use disorder. The cannabis uses disorder identified in this review includes problematic cannabis use. The prevalence of problematic cannabis use (moderate/high) among was 8% among Caribbean and 4% African. (Tuck et al., 2017). Codeine and NSAID prescription use can to lead overdose and death (Ray et al., 2014) whereas opioid use can lead to abuse/addiction (Armstrong, 2017).