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Personality and stress
Published in Tony Cassidy, Stress, Cognition and Health, 2023
Traditionally most writers focus on three main areas of personality in relation to stress, neuroticism and emotional reactivity (Eysenck, 1985), hardiness (Kobasa, 1979) and Type A personality (Friedman & Rosenman, 1959). Of these only the former draws on general personality theory, while the other two approaches were developed specifically to explain the stress-health relationship. More recently the big five model of personality has entered the fray.
Exploring Indigenous Spanish Personality Constructs with a Combined Emic-Etic Approach
Published in J.-C. Lasry, J. Adair, K. Dion, Latest Contributions to Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2020
Researchers from many countries have relied on the natural language when developing taxonomies of personality (see Katigbak, Church, & Akamine, 1996, for a review). Numerous English-language lexical studies (see McCrae & John, 1992, for a review) have replicated a five-factor structure, the so-called ‘Big Five’ model of personality (Goldberg, 1981), which is said to encompass most of the covariation among personality-descriptors used in personality ratings. Common labels for these five dimensions are: I. Extraversion, II. Agreeableness, III. Conscientiousness, IV. Neuroticism or Emotional Stability, and V. Openness to Experience or Intellect. The replicability and ubiquity of the Big Five, also known as the Five Factor Model (McCrae & Costa, 1987), have led many personality psychologists to adopt this model as the basic paradigm for the description and assessment of personality (McCrae & John, 1992).
Study addiction and ‘dark’ personality traits: a cross-sectional survey study among emerging adults
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2021
Kagan Kircaburun, İrfan Süral, Evita March, Sabah Balta, Emrah Emirtekin, Mark D. Griffiths
The Big Five model of personality,10 comprising of trait extroversion (i.e., friendliness, cheerfulness), neuroticism (i.e., anxiety, self-consciousness), agreeableness (i.e., trust, cooperation), openness (i.e., imagination, liberalism), and conscientiousness (i.e., self-efficacy, cautiousness),11 has been related to a variety of addictions, both offline and online. In relation to offline addictions, high trait neuroticism, low agreeableness, and low conscientiousness have been found to predict addiction potential in a sample of university students.12 Furthermore, a meta-analysis study concluded that high trait neuroticism, low agreeableness, and low conscientiousness have also been found to predict excessive alcohol involvement.13 Food addiction has also been related to high neuroticism, low extraversion, and low conscientiousness.14 A large-scale study with 3,785 Australian adults suggested that conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism were associated with the general propensity to develop an addictive disorder for alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and gambling.15
Personality Assessment and Psychotherapy Preferences: Congruence between Client Personality and Therapist Personality Preferences
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2021
Joye C. Anestis, Taylor R. Rodriguez, Olivia C. Preston, Tiffany M. Harrop, Randolph C. Arnau, Jacob A. Finn
Coleman (2006) aimed to extend the literature by utilizing the well-established Big Five model of personality (for reviews of the Big Five model, see Costa et al., 2019; Goldberg, 1993; John & Srivastava, 1999). The global similarity (i.e., similarity across the five-factors) of the personality profiles among client-therapist dyads (using Q-analysis correlations) was moderately to strongly associated with symptom reduction, while the individual Big Five traits were not significantly associated. Of note, global similarity was also associated with therapeutic alliance, but only for female clients. This highlights an additional limitation of the literature reviewed above: the tendency to focus on main effects of personality traits (i.e., one trait at a time). Personality traits within an individual vary in configuration (e.g., a person may be high on extraversion, low on agreeableness, and average on other traits), and analyses at the profile level are needed.
Personality traits as predictors of exercise treatment adherence in major depressive disorder: lessons from a randomised clinical trial
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2020
Frank Kruisdijk, Marijke Hopman-Rock, Aartjan T. F. Beekman, Ingrid J. M. Hendriksen
Since antiquity, personality traits have been assumed to be linked with mental disorders (Kotov et al. 2010), but consensus on personality taxonomy began to emerge only in the 1980s. One important model consisted of hierarchically ordered traits (Goldberg 1993), leading to the ‘Big Five model’ of personality traits: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness and Conscientiousness (McCrae and Costa 1987). These personality traits are assumed to have a solid genetic base (Lewis and Bates 2014). Moreover, the five factors were proven to be stable during adulthood (Costa and McCrae 1994), over a lifespan of 50 years (Judge et al. 1999) and across cultures and languages (McCrae 2001). This genetic and psychological stability of the Big Five model enabled investigation of the expected response of patients in various therapies. Low neuroticism and high conscientiousness, for instance, have been associated with better therapy outcomes (Miller 1991). Lower conscientiousness has been associated with a poor therapy response, whereas lower agreeableness was shown to reflect scepticism and antagonistic tendencies in patients, leading to uncooperative behaviour that frustrated the therapy (Hoekstra et al. 2007). A study of patients with MDD suggested that neuroticism is affected by depressive states and by anxiety states (Lewis et al. 2014). Another study showed that extraversion and conscientiousness are affected by depressive disorders, but not by anxiety disorders, and that agreeableness and openness are influenced by neither (Karsten et al. 2012).