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Eating Disorders in Athletes
Published in Jonna Fries, Veronica Sullivan, Eating Disorders in Special Populations, 2017
In 1983, health professionals introduced the construct of anorexia athletica in response to sport-specific subclinical eating disorders (Bär and Markser 2013). While anorexia athletica is not recognized by DSM-5 as a psychiatric disorder, the term is commonly used among professionals who work with this population. The following criteria were identified to categorize this clinical presentation: Intense fear of gaining weight despite being lean or underweightDecreased caloric intakeExcessive and/or compulsive exerciseBody image distortionPresence of menstrual irregularities or amenorrheaPresence of purging behaviors (Sundgot-Borgen 1993)
Weight-Sensitive Sports
Published in Henry C. Lukaski, Body Composition, 2017
Analiza M. Silva, Diana A. Santos, Catarina N. Matias
Considering the possible positive impact of low levels of adiposity in endurance sports there are several athletes aiming to reduce their body weight for competition periods. A case-control study (Ingjer and Sundgot-Borgen 1991) with seven elite female endurance athletes, including three middle- and long-distance runners and four cross-country skiers undergoing a weight-loss period (18–26 years) investigated the relationship of weight reduction on maximal oxygen consumption and running speed. Pathogenic weight-control methods were reported by all athletes with a weight-loss period of 2 months (stable body weight the rest of the year), when compared with controls, which maintained a stable weight. Differences in %FM were observed between groups and these athletes presented a significant decrease in performance when compared to controls. The authors concluded that a period of about 1-year would be required to regain performance. Of importance is the fact that the sample in this study included two athletes diagnosed with anorexia athletica and two with bulimia nervosa.
Physiological demands and nutritional considerations for Olympic-style competitive rock climbing
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2019
Marisa K. Michael, Oliver C. Witard, Lanae Joubert
Elite rock climbers anecdotally report losing weight in order to send harder routes. Such weight loss activities position climbers at risk of restrictive eating patterns (Zapf, Fichtl, Wielgoss, & Schmidt, 2001), thus increasing the potential for eating disorders, disordered eating, laxative/diuretic use and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) (Watts, 2004; Zapf et al., 2001). To discourage anorexia and disordered eating behavior, the Austrian Sportclimbing Organisation banned competitors with a Body Mass Index ≤17 and others (Lutter, El-Sheikh, Schöffl, & Schöffl, 2017) have expressed concern over the possibility of anorexia athletica, particularly in young climbers. Sundgot-Borgen and Garthe (2011) reports a 40–42% prevalence of eating disorders for females in aesthetic sports, 17–18% for males in aesthetic sports, and 30–35% prevalence for females in weight-class sports and 22–42% for males in gravitational sports.