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Weight Concerns
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Disordered eating refers to a spectrum of irregular eating behaviors or habits that may or may not signal an actual eating disorder. An eating disorder is a more serious condition that disrupts your life and affects your health in numerous ways. Eating disorders can affect women of all ages and do not spare the aging woman. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating can affect women in midlife and later. What we don’t know is whether older women with an eating disorder suffered from an untreated eating disorder in the past that may have gone into remission and resurfaced later in life, or if the disorder first appeared later in life. We do know that eating disorders have increased to the point that in America, 78% of deaths due to anorexia occur among older adults, not the young.4
Optimal Nutrition for Women
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Kayli Anderson, Kaitlyn Pauly, Debra Shapiro, Vera Dubovoy
The three main types of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Patients may also present with subclinical disorders such as orthorexia nervosa, a pathologic fixation with eating healthy, or disordered eating that does not fit all criteria for other categories.111 Clinicians should screen for eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors and refer patients to eating disorder specialists when signs are present, as well as refrain from healthcare practices known to catalyze or exacerbate eating disorders, such as the promotion of dieting.
Restricted eating disorders
Published in Judy Bothamley, Maureen Boyle, Medical Conditions Affecting Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020
Eating disorders can be defined as a persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behaviour that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food and that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning. The majority of eating disorders appear to develop before the age of 25 in otherwise healthy young women1, although men can also be affected. Prevalence is uncertain, but it has been estimated that at least 2% of women will experience anorexia (with similar rates for bulimia) at some time in their life2. However, overall the majority of eating disorders occur in women during their reproductive years, making it a relevant subject for midwives. One recent study in the UK found that during pregnancy 7.5% of women met the diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder3.
Prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, suicide mortality in eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Eating Disorders, 2023
Furthermore, literature evidence suggests eating disorder is associated with suicide and non-suicidal self-injury (Preti et al., 2011). Eating disorders are one of the most severe types of psychiatric disorders known for abnormal eating and weight control behaviors (Treasure et al., 2020). According to a recent study, lifetime prevalence and 12-month prevalence of eating disorders are 0.91% and 0.43%, respectively (Qian et al., 2022), and vary according to gender and country (Qian et al., 20 22). Among eating disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are more prevalent in women than in men (Hoek, 2006; Striegel-Moore & Bulik, 2007), and also eating disorders are associated with poor self-esteem (Ghaderi & Scott, 2001) and migraine (D’andrea et al., 2012); and cancer (Michels et al., 2021; Yeh et al., 2021).
Prevalence of eating disorders and disordered eating in Western Asia: a systematic review and meta-Analysis
Published in Eating Disorders, 2022
Maryam Alfalahi, Sangeetha Mahadevan, Rola al Balushi, Moon Fai Chan, Muna Al Saadon, Samir Al-Adawi, M. Walid Qoronfleh
Body image dissatisfaction is increasingly becoming a global phenomenon and is concurrently associated with eating disorders (Garrusi et al., 2016; Nobakht & Dezhkam, 2000; Tahmouresi & Pashang, 2018). In addition to the socio-cultural factors that contribute to eating disorders, there are also certain biological factors that render some individuals vulnerable to developing eating disorders. Gray (1987) has suggested that human temperaments can be shaped by two biological systems. The first one known as the BIS (behavioral inhibition system) is characterized by inhibition or avoidance. The complementary system is known as BAS (behavioral activation system) which is characterized by a tendency for impulsiveness and sensation-seeking behavior. There is evidence to suggest that characteristics of BIS/BAS, sensitivity to reward and punishment or approach and avoidance motivation (e.g., high constraint, constriction of affect, emotional expressiveness, anhedonia, sensation-seeking or lack of it, perfectionism, obsessiveness) are common among individuals with eating disorders (Claes et al., 2006). There is also evidence to suggest that eating disorders are critically influenced by variations in catecholamine and indoleamine neurotransmission (Kaye, 1997).
A qualitative examination of adolescent and parent perspectives on early identification and early response to eating disorders
Published in Eating Disorders, 2022
Anna C. Ciao, Jocelyn Lebow, Erin VandenLangenberg, Olivia Ohls, Kelly C. Berg
Adolescents (ages 12–18) and their caregivers were recruited through patient contact lists and with flyers in three psychiatric treatment centers in the United States. All centers offered specialty outpatient treatment for eating disorders (one also offered intensive and residential treatment). Eligible participants had been diagnosed with an eating disorder through their treatment facility and were either in current outpatient psychotherapy or had recently completed outpatient treatment. Adolescents who were currently in psychotherapy were required to be past the initial stage of treatment (e.g., past aggressive weight restoration in Phase 1 of Family-Based Therapy). Dyadic participation was not required; adolescents were eligible to participate without their caregivers, and vice versa. Parents provided consent for adolescent participation as well as their own; assent was also obtained from all adolescent participants. All participants were compensated with a gift card. All research procedures were approved by on-site Institutional Review Boards.