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Bulimia Nervosa
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Bulimia nervosa is commonly called bulimia. Bulimics have an overwhelming desire to go on excessive eating binges that are often followed by self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse (purging). Patients with bulimia have a fear of gaining weight. More women than men engage in these frequent repeated binge and purge episodes. The cause of this serious eating disorder is unknown. Medical complications from self-induced vomiting include dental erosion or periodontal disease, damage to areas of the pharynx and larynx, GERD, esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, metabolic acidosis, dehydration, hypotension, hypokalemia leading to arrhythmias, and aspiration pneumonia. Electrolyte imbalances are common, especially from laxative abuse.
Restricted eating disorders
Published in Judy Bothamley, Maureen Boyle, Medical Conditions Affecting Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020
Table 11.1 lists the risk factors associated with eating disorders. Those with anorexia are frequently classified into two different categories: those who severely restrict their intake and those who carry out binge eating/purging; however, individual women can move between these two behaviours. Individuals with bulimia also normally binge eat, and this is followed by compensatory actions such as vomiting, fasting or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain. The difference between purge-type anorexia and bulimia is that those with anorexia have a severe weight loss, while those with bulimia do not and are often normal or even slightly overweight.
Endocrine Functions of Brain Dopamine
Published in Nira Ben-Jonathan, Dopamine, 2020
Dysregulation of appetite also lies at the root of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Both are eating disorders characterized by loss of self-control in eating behavior and disturbed emotions, which affect 2%–3% of young women [43]. Anorexia is a serious eating disorder, with the highest mortality rate among psychiatric disorders. It is exemplified by chronic self starvation, amenorrhea, and severe weight loss due to the reductions of both fat mass and lean body mass. Bulimia is an eating disorder in which the subject engages in recurrent binge eating. To compensate for the high intake of food and to prevent weight gain, this is usually followed by the induction of vomiting, use of laxatives, enemas, diuretics, excessive exercising, or fasting, resulting in dysregulation of the endogenous endocrine axes.
Interoceptive deficits moderate the relationship between bulimia symptoms and suicide risk
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Rebekah Clapham, Eliza Laves, Ava Fergerson, Paige Nichols, Amy Brausch
With regard to the treatment of disordered eating, these results demonstrate the importance of implementing interventions that target interoceptive deficits, specifically for college students presenting with symptoms of bulimia. The role of interoceptive deficits in the relationship between bulimia symptoms and suicide provide potential directions for counseling and health centers on college campuses, or for unaffiliated counselors working with college students. Specifically, the findings suggest that assessing for interoceptive deficits could be incorporated into intake sessions since they are consistently associated with suicidality. Our results provide preliminary evidence that students presenting with symptoms of bulimia may also be at increased risk for suicide if interoceptive deficits are also high. Therefore, clinicians may consider assessing for degree of body insensitivity, body distrust, and body disregard to further understand the severity of bulimia symptoms, and also help evaluate risk of suicide, including suicide ideation, communication, and attempts. An area of future research to explore is greater examination of the relationships between other eating disorder symptoms and how they relate to suicide risk, and further determining if interoceptive deficits affect those relationships.
A closer look at homework compliance in behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa: does homework compliance in between-session period prospectively predict session-by-session change in bulimia symptoms?
Published in Eating Disorders, 2023
Paakhi Srivastava, Megan N. Parker, Emily K. Presseller, Olivia B. Wons, Kelsey E. Clark, Adrienne S. Juarascio
Bulimia nervosa (BN) spectrum disorders are eating disorders characterized by recurrent engagement in binge eating (characterized by consumption of objectively large amounts of food accompanied by a subjective sense of loss of control) and inappropriate compensatory behaviors (e.g., self-induced vomiting, laxative or diuretic misuse, driven or compelled exercise, or fasting) driven by concerns about body weight or shape (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). BN spectrum disorders impacts as many as 1.0% of people in the United States and is associated with significant psychosocial impairment (Hudson et al., 2007). Although behavioral treatment approaches (i.e., Cognitive-Behavior Therapy and third-wave behavioral treatments) have the strongest empirical support for the treatment of BN spectrum disorders, as many as 70% of individuals with these disorders who undergo a full course of treatment remain symptomatic (Linardon, 2018). Further understanding of the components of behavioral treatments for BN spectrum disorders that promote reduction of symptoms is acutely needed.
Disordered eating- and exercise-related behaviors and cognitions during the first year college transition
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Chanel Zhan, Laurie Heatherington, Bernhard Klingenberg
Few prospective studies have examined changes in subclinical ED symptoms during the college transition, and none have analyzed cognitive and behavioral components separately. Results from prospective studies with varying lengths of time at follow-up, many of which enrolled only women, paint a mixed picture. In one study, researchers found no major change in the prevalence of diagnosable cases of bulimia throughout the first year of college; however, it was more common to begin dieting and binge-eating than to discontinue either behavior. 26 Likewise, other studies of female first-year college students have simultaneously found some ED-related symptoms (e.g., body dissatisfaction) to worsen and other ED-related symptoms (e.g. bulimic symptoms) to improve during the transition to college.25,27,28