China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Dermal filler complications and management
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Dermatophytes are arguably the commonest cause of fungal skin infections, and they include pathogens such as Trichophyton and Microsporum genera, causing conditions such as tinea capitis and tinea faciei. Non-dermatophytes also play a role, with fungi such as Malassezia globosa, and Candida albicans cause conditions such as pityriasis versicolor, cutaneous candidiasis, respectively.
Chronic erythematous rash and lesions on trunk and limbs
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
The word pityriasis means ‘bran-like’ and here means a scaly rash; versicolor means different colours. Pityriasis versicolor is a scaly rash of different colours. In different individuals it may be white, orange-brown or dark brown. The lesions are small, less than 1 cm in diameter, usually round and always scaly when scratched. Some may join together to form larger lesions or confluent plaques. It is a disease of young adults and occurs predominantly on the upper trunk. It is due to an infection with a yeast, Pityrosporum orbiculare, which we all have on our skin as a harmless commensal. Under certain conditions, the yeast produces hyphae and becomes pathogenic. It is then known as Malassezia globosa. The depigmentation is due to inhibition of tyrosinase by dicarboxylic acids produced by the pityrosporum yeast leading to suppression of melanin production.
Aquatic Plants Native to Europe
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
Isa A. Lambrechts, Lydia Gibango, Antonios Chrysargyris, Nikolaos Tzortzakis, Namrita Lall
The 80% ethanolic extract of V. spiralis has noteworthy activity against Malassezia globosa, compared to the 0%, 40%, and 100% hydro-ethanolic extracts. A concentration of 0.3 mg/ml inhibited the free radical DPPH activity by 28.97% that was comparable to the positive control, BHT, tested at the same concentration as the sample with a percentage inhibition of 35.6%. The antioxidant activity was attributed to the high phenolic content of the plant. Vallisneria spiralis had a minimum inhibitory concentration at 156.2 µg/ml and a minimum fungicidal concentration of 5,000 µg/ml against the dandruff-causing fungus, M. globosa (Chakraborty et al. 2015). The compound 2-ethyl-3-methylmaleimide has been reported for its antibacterial activity against Microcystis aeruginosa (Xian et al. 2006).
308-nm excimer laser: a hopeful and optional therapy for pityriasis versicolor
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Fathia M. Khattab, Farida H. Omran
The differences in the isolation rates in the various studies may be due to the differences in sampling techniques and the use of different media for culture like SDA with olive oil and modified Dixon’s medium. Malassezia furfur can generate an indole alkaloid pityriacitrin which can safeguard M from UV exposure (23). The predominant PV isolate was known as Malassezia globosa. In a later study, from 75% of patients, M. furfur was separated, followed by M. globosa (25%). In the present study, the most common species isolated was Malassezia furfur in 16 patients (61%), followed by M. globosa in 5 patients (19%), M. sympodialis in 4 patients (16%), and M. restricta in 1 (4%). Worldwide studies have reported M. globosa as the predominant isolate in pityriasis versicolor (24).
Rosacea associated with dupilumab therapy
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Haley D. Heibel, Aleksi J. Hendricks, James P. Foshee, Vivian Y. Shi
Other facial dermatoses, such as persistent facial dermatitis (PFD), characterized by fine scaling and edematous pink-to-red plaques involving the face, neck, and forearms have previously been reported with dupilumab therapy (1,8). Additionally, Suresh and Murase unmasked an underlying allergic contact dermatitis via patch testing in cases of PFD following dupilumab initiation for severe AD that responded well to subsequent allergen avoidance (8). PFD may also represent an adverse effect of dupilumab therapy or a form of head-and-neck dermatitis (1,20). Head-and-neck dermatitis may be triggered by airborne contact allergy, Type-I hypersensitivity reaction to Malassezia globosa proteins, or contact allergy to food, sweat, and saliva (20,21). In the atopic population, facial dermatitis should also raise concern for steroid-induced rosacea or periorificial dermatitis, particularly in patients who are concomitantly using topical steroids on the face (20). While these differential diagnoses are important to consider, our patient denied topical steroid use since initiating dupilumab, and her follicular-based erythematous facial papules and erythema favor rosacea as the most likely diagnosis.
Preliminary study of the oral mycobiome of children with and without dental caries
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Jacquelyn M. Fechney, Gina V. Browne, Neeta Prabhu, Laszlo Irinyi, Wieland Meyer, Toby Hughes, Michelle Bockmann, Grant Townsend, Hanieh Salehi, Christina J. Adler
Culture and genomics-based studies have consistently found the oral mycobiome to be dominated by Candida albicans. This fungus has been shown to be responsible for Candida-induced oropharyngeal thrush in newborns, and mucositis in denture-wearers and immunocompromised patients [16–20]. In addition to Candida, over 100 fungal species have been found in the oral cavity of healthy adults, including Malassezia globosa [21,22] and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa [23], using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) [24] of the primary fungal DNA barcode, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region [25]. Sequencing of the ITS region enables identification of a broad range of fungi, including yeasts and moulds [21]. Application of NGS targeting the ITS region has yet to be applied to understanding the role of fungi in the development of the oral microbiome and their contribution to develop caries in childhood.