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Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Metronidazole and quinolones have been used in the management of IBD mainly to treat pouchitis and perianal disease. Vancomycin has been advocated for treatment of C. difficile. First trimester metronidazole use is associated with a small increased risk of cleft lip and palate. Use during the first trimester and while breastfeeding is not recommended [48]. Quinolones have a high affinity for bone tissue and cartilage. Animal studies show cartilage damage in weight-bearing joints after quinolone exposure. Although risk with exposure is minimal, alternative therapies should be used in pregnancy when available [34]. While ciprofloxacin is excreted in breast milk, it is considered compatible with breastfeeding. Augmentin, another antibiotic used commonly in the management of both perianal and luminal CD, can be used safely during pregnancy and with breastfeeding. Vancomycin can be used safely during pregnancy and with breastfeeding.
Cannabis Flavonoids—Antioxidant & Anti-Inflammatory Benefits
Published in Betty Wedman-St Louis, Cannabis as Medicine, 2019
Antibiotics are frequently used to treat inflammation but are often accompanied by side effects and the development of resistant strains [37]. The traditional treatment of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria is administration of vancomycin [38]. Xu and Lee [39] tested 38 flavonoids for activity against strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and found growth inhibited by the aglycones of the flavonols and flavones tested.
Bacillus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
In patients with uncomplicated bacteremia, dosages for either vancomycin or clindamycin will be as previously stated. Duration of treatment can vary from 7 to 14 days depending on the severity of the illness and underlying host defense impairment.
Ceftobiprole medocaril for the treatment of pneumonia
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Wan-Hsuan Hsu, Chi-Kuei Hsu, Chih-Cheng Lai
Ceftobiprole has shown superiorities in comparison to its alternative antibiotic regimens, such as vancomycin, linezolid and ceftaroline. Vancomycin is known to be associated with a higher risk of renal toxicity and requires frequent monitoring of serum drug levels to ensure its efficacy and safety [58]. When compared with vancomycin, ceftobiprole does not require the monitoring of serum drug levels as it has less nephrotoxicity. In addition, the increasing usage of glycopeptide could be associated with the development of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) [59,60]. Hence, ceftobiprole can also serve as an alternative to vancomycin to prevent the emergence of VRE. Linezolid is associated with bone marrow suppression, especially with prolonged use [61,62], while ceftobiprole is rarely associated with bone marrow toxicity. The current recommended dosage of linezolid may be inadequate for critically ill patients [61,62]. Ceftaroline, another fifth-generation cephalosporin, has shown potent in vitro activity against MRSA and has been approved for the treatment of CAP and skin and soft tissue infections [63,64]. However, unlike ceftobiprole, it is not able to cover P. aeruginosa hence not recommended for HAP.
Fecal carriage of vanB antibiotic resistance gene affects adipose tissue function under vancomycin use
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Lars M. M. Vliex, Giang N. Le, Marina Fassarella, Dorien Reijnders, Gijs H. Goossens, Erwin G. Zoetendal, John Penders, Ellen E. Blaak
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used to treat infections with Gram-positive bacteria.11 It inhibits specific steps in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer, thereby leaving the bacteria susceptible to lysis.12 Previous work from our group showed that seven days of vancomycin treatment altered gut microbial composition in males with overweight or obesity and impaired glucose metabolism. This vancomycin-induced change persisted for up to eight weeks after treatment cessation.13 Conversely, a 7-day amoxicillin treatment did not affect gut microbial composition. The vancomycin-induced change in microbial composition was accompanied by alterations in fecal and plasma SCFA and BA levels but had no effect on tissue-specific insulin sensitivity, energy and substrate metabolism and systemic low-grade inflammation. Strikingly, vancomycin use altered abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) gene expression toward a more oxidative phenotype, suggesting improvements in metabolic health.13 Moreover, the expression of genes related to inflammatory processes was decreased. Interestingly, in a study in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, upregulation of inflammatory pathways in subcutaneous AT was associated with peripheral insulin resistance.14 Thus, one may speculate that vancomycin use could have beneficial effects on AT function and insulin sensitivity through lowering AT inflammation.
Genetic markers of drug hypersensitivity in pediatrics: current state and promise
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2022
Abdelbaset A. Elzagallaai, Michael J. Rieder
Vancomycin is an important and effective antibiotic for deep tissue infections and the drug of choice for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Vancomycin can potentially cause DHRs including severe forms such as SJS and TEN [154]. An HLA allele, HLA-A*32:01, has been found to associate with vancomycin-induced DHRs [155]. In a study on a cohort of 23 vancomycin-DRESS patients including a 17-year-old boy, who was allele-positive, Konvinse et al. found that 19/23 (82.6%) of cases were carriers of HLA-A*32:01 vs 0/46 (0%) of matched vancomycin-tolerant controls [156]. Singvijarn et al. [94] conducted a case-control study including 117 children aged between 1 and 18 years with confirmed diagnosis of DHRs to beta-lactam (BL) antibiotics and 186 drug-tolerant healthy controls. They reported a significant association of 3 HLA alleles (HLA-C*04:06, HLA-C*08:01 and HLA-DRB1*0406) with delayed BL hypersensitivity reactions (p < 0.05). The ORs of HLA-C*0406 and HLA-C*0801 were 13.14 (95% CI: 1.3–137.71) and 4.83 (95% CI: 1.93–16.7), respectively. Interestingly, HLA-B*48:01 was strongly associated with immediate hypersensitivity reactions to BL antibiotics [94].