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Environmental Androgens and Antiandrogens: An Expanding Chemical Universe
Published in Rajesh K. Naz, Endocrine Disruptors, 2004
L. Earl Gray, Vickie Wilson, Tammy Stoker, Christy Lambright, Johnathan Furr, Nigel Noriega, Phillip Hartig, Mary Cardon, Mitch Rosen, Gerald Ankley, Andrew Hotchkiss, Edward F. Orlando, Louis J. Guillette, William R. Kelce
The androgenic anabolic steroid trenbolone acetate is licensed as a growth promoter for farm animals in the U.S. and several other countries. Even though it is used in several million beef cattle in the U.S., a risk assessment of its potential effects on fish and wildlife has yet to be conducted. It was recently demonstrated that this androgen was found in an active form in the environment and persists for long periods23 in some samples. In an 8-week study, cattle were treated with trenbolone acetate and liquid manure was collected and spread on fields after several months of storage. During storage, the level of trenbolone decreased from 1700 to 1100 pg/g of the active 17 alpha-isomer, corresponding to a half-life of 267 days. In a study conducted using cattle feedlot effluent from Nebraska, we found a high level of androgenicity in the effluent (Figure 10.1), and our colleagues at the Universities of Nebraska and Florida found that wild fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) displayed morphological (50% reduction in testis weight) and endocrine (abnormal testosterone/estradiol ratios)35 alterations compared to fish from a non-contaminated reference site. At this time, we have not determined whether the androgenic activity in this sample arises from natural steroids or from trenbolone.
Acute pancreatitis secondary to the use of the anabolic steroid trenbolone acetate
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Vidhya Kumar, Danny Issa, George Smallfield, Doumit Bouhaidar
We report a case of AP induced by an anabolic steroid, trenbolone acetate (TA). TA is licensed in the United States as a growth promoter in the live stock industry [7], but not licensed for human use and is frequently used illegally in the bodybuilder community for muscle growth. Supply of anabolic steroids are easily found on online sources without a prescription [8] and supplied by unregulated international pharmacies with disclaimers that consumers are subject to local laws. In addition to online access, many athletes have obtained the steroids from friends, gym members or training partners [9,10]. Our patient was a 24-year-old male who presented with AP. He had suffered three previous episodes of recurrent AP following administration of TA - the re-challenge resulting in AP each time. Other case reports link anabolic steroids to AP [10,11], such as a case involving androgenic anabolic steroids such as “Guerilla Warfare” which contains Trenaavar, Promagnon and Ment Dione, and an additional case with chronic use of methandrostenolone (Dianabol). Treatment in both of these cases consisted of supportive care, including intravenous fluid resuscitation, appropriate pain management, and pancreatic rest with slow introduction of oral nutrition [10,11].