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Current Trends in Performance- and Image-Enhancing Substance Use Among Gym Goers, Exercisers, and Athletes
Published in Ornella Corazza, Andres Roman-Urrestarazu, Handbook of Novel Psychoactive Substances, 2018
Neha P. Ainsworth, Jake Shelley, Andrea Petróczi
Previous studies report that women will use the least androgenic compounds in order to mitigate potential virilization (Abrahin, Félix Souza, de Sousa, Santos, & Bahrke, 2017)—oxandrolone (“var” or “anavar”) is a common “beginner” compound, with dosages of 5–10 mg a day for four to six weeks being a common cycle. More androgenic compounds, such as trenbolone, could lead to an increased risk of virilization. Nonetheless, certain women will continue to use such compounds.
Environmental Androgens and Antiandrogens: An Expanding Chemical Universe
Published in Rajesh K. Naz, Endocrine Disruptors, 2004
L. Earl Gray, Vickie Wilson, Tammy Stoker, Christy Lambright, Johnathan Furr, Nigel Noriega, Phillip Hartig, Mary Cardon, Mitch Rosen, Gerald Ankley, Andrew Hotchkiss, Edward F. Orlando, Louis J. Guillette, William R. Kelce
The androgenic anabolic steroid trenbolone acetate is licensed as a growth promoter for farm animals in the U.S. and several other countries. Even though it is used in several million beef cattle in the U.S., a risk assessment of its potential effects on fish and wildlife has yet to be conducted. It was recently demonstrated that this androgen was found in an active form in the environment and persists for long periods23 in some samples. In an 8-week study, cattle were treated with trenbolone acetate and liquid manure was collected and spread on fields after several months of storage. During storage, the level of trenbolone decreased from 1700 to 1100 pg/g of the active 17 alpha-isomer, corresponding to a half-life of 267 days. In a study conducted using cattle feedlot effluent from Nebraska, we found a high level of androgenicity in the effluent (Figure 10.1), and our colleagues at the Universities of Nebraska and Florida found that wild fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) displayed morphological (50% reduction in testis weight) and endocrine (abnormal testosterone/estradiol ratios)35 alterations compared to fish from a non-contaminated reference site. At this time, we have not determined whether the androgenic activity in this sample arises from natural steroids or from trenbolone.
Attitude and health issue awareness of anabolic androgenic steroids use among male gym users in some gym centers in Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2022
The most commonly used AAS amongst gym users were testosterone, dianabol, boldenone, nandrolone, trenbolone, and testosterone propionate. Some of these agents, such as trenbolone, were originally produced to be used in veterinary medicine for promoting meat production (Jeong et al., 2010). However, they have now been used for human purposes (Al-Harbi et al., 2020; Parkinson & Evans, 2006). Gym users were found to use a combination of more than one type of AAS to achieve a supraphysiological dose and boost the serum level of AAS, which was also reported by Parkinson and Evans (2006). With the exception of growth hormone, which is an anabolic hormone, the gym users in Sulaymaniyah city did not refer to the use of other agents, including insulin, IGF-1, caffeine, ephedrine, and clenbuterol, and thyroid hormone, which have been used by gym users in other countries (Parkinson & Evans, 2006; Sagoe et al., 2015).
Acute pancreatitis secondary to the use of the anabolic steroid trenbolone acetate
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Vidhya Kumar, Danny Issa, George Smallfield, Doumit Bouhaidar
We report a case of AP induced by an anabolic steroid, trenbolone acetate (TA). TA is licensed in the United States as a growth promoter in the live stock industry [7], but not licensed for human use and is frequently used illegally in the bodybuilder community for muscle growth. Supply of anabolic steroids are easily found on online sources without a prescription [8] and supplied by unregulated international pharmacies with disclaimers that consumers are subject to local laws. In addition to online access, many athletes have obtained the steroids from friends, gym members or training partners [9,10]. Our patient was a 24-year-old male who presented with AP. He had suffered three previous episodes of recurrent AP following administration of TA - the re-challenge resulting in AP each time. Other case reports link anabolic steroids to AP [10,11], such as a case involving androgenic anabolic steroids such as “Guerilla Warfare” which contains Trenaavar, Promagnon and Ment Dione, and an additional case with chronic use of methandrostenolone (Dianabol). Treatment in both of these cases consisted of supportive care, including intravenous fluid resuscitation, appropriate pain management, and pancreatic rest with slow introduction of oral nutrition [10,11].
Capturing ecology in modeling approaches applied to environmental risk assessment of endocrine active chemicals in fish
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2018
Kate S. Mintram, A. Ross Brown, Samuel K. Maynard, Pernille Thorbek, Charles R. Tyler
For androgens, the most widely reported effects in fish for environmentally relevant exposures are for the steroid trenbolone, used as a growth promoter in beef cattle in the US, South America and Australia. Aqueous exposure concentrations of trenbolone between 9.2 and 26.2 ng L−1 have been shown to cause male skewed sex ratios and masculinization of female zebrafish (Morthorst et al. 2010). Androgen antagonists appear to be widespread in effluent discharges from UK sewage treatment works with potency of between 21.3 and 1231 μg L−1 flutamide equivalents as assessed using a yeast (anti-) androgen screen (Johnson et al. 2007). Anti-androgenic activity at levels measured in some sewage treatment works effluents have been shown to disrupt reproductive behavior and spiggin production in male stickleback (Sebire et al. 2008) and cause reduced fecundity in fathead minnows (Jensen et al. 2004).