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The Role of Natural Products in COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Iqra Akhtar, Sumera Javad, Tehreema Iftikhar, Amina Tariq, Hammad Majeed, Asma Ahmad, Muhammad Arfan, M. Zia-Ul-Haq
T. vulgaris is a member of the family Lamiaceae and is well known for its essential oils. Extracts and essential oils of this plant have proven antiviral activity. Its active ingredients are carvacrol and thymol (Figure 11.16) [179]. They have a long history of being used for treatment of cough, upper respiratory tract, and bronchitis, etc. [180]. Thyme herb is active against human influenza virus, HSV and human rhinoviruses [179]. Its essential oils can inhibit the entry of virus into the cell or can interfere with the replicating viral entities. These have also proved to relieve the symptoms and complexities associated with viral infection like muscle pain, etc. This is done by reducing the amounts of interleukins 8 and interleukins 1β [181] and hindering the viral proliferation [182]. Antioxidants present in thyme extracts boosts and strengthens the immune system to cope with attacking viruses. Thyme extract is also used as a muscle relaxant, therefore, its use as a symptom reliever of COVID-29 seems to be effective [183, 184]. Their mode of action and time of maximum advantage should be determined.
Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Thymus vulgaris L. (common thyme, garden thyme or just ‘thyme’) is a bushy, woody-based evergreen subshrub with small, highly aromatic, grey-green leaves growing to 15-30 centimeter tall by 40 centimeter wide. It is native to Italy, France, Spain and Morocco. The thyme is widely cultivated as a spice and medicinal plant in the Mediterranean area, Europe and many other countries (1,2,6). In Europe and North America the plant sometimes escaped from cultivation and became naturalized (16).
Herbal Product Development and Characteristics
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Mirian Pateiro, Rubén Domínguez, Predrag Putnik, Danijela Bursać Kovačević, Francisco J. Barba, Paulo S. E. Munekata, Elena Movilla Fierro, José M. Lorenzo
The use of thyme in traditional medicine is broad. The leaves of the Thymus genus were used for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the possible use for treatments of dementia or oncological pathologies, through apigenin (Ali et al., 2017; Uritu et al., 2018). Leaves of the two commonly used thymes from this family that are attributed with health benefits are T. vulgaris and Thymus pulegioides (Table 8.1).
Tailoring and optimization of a honey-based nanoemulgel loaded with an itraconazole–thyme oil nanoemulsion for oral candidiasis
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Amal M. Sindi, Waleed Y. Rizg, Muhammad Khalid Khan, Hala M. Alkhalidi, Waleed S. Alharbi, Fahad Y. Sabei, Eman Alfayez, Hanaa Alkharobi, Mohammed Korayem, Mohammed Majrashi, Majed Alharbi, Mohammed Alissa, Awaji Y. Safhi, Abdulmajeed M. Jali, Khaled M. Hosny
For centuries, people have used the thyme plant and its EOs to treat infections related to the upper respiratory tract, the symptoms of bronchitis, pruritus brought on by dermatitis, bruises, and sprains (Kohlert et al., 2002). These days, it is frequently used in dental medicine as a disinfectant and as an expectorant for coughs brought on by colds (Nilima et al., 2013). It has antibacterial effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as antifungal, antispasm, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral activities against human rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, and herpes simplex virus type I (Walther et al., 2020). There have been no cases of toxicity when the oil is taken at levels regularly used, and therefore it is generally regarded as safe (Eva et al., 2018; Salehi et al., 2018).
Prevention and Detoxification of Mycotoxins in Human Food and Animal Feed using Bio-resources from South Mediterranean Countries: a Critical Review
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2023
Amina Aloui, Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès, Abdellah Zinedine, Amar Riba, Noel Durand, Jean Christophe Meile, Didier Montet, Catherine Brabet, Samir Abbès
Furthermore, the beneficial role of thyme vulgaris has been documented in several studies. This plant is widely used as a culinary herb and has a long history of use for various medicinal purposes as well. There have also been studies of the application of thyme for its antiparasitic and antimicrobial properties. Thyme essential oils are also among the major antioxidants used in the food industry and cosmetics (Sharifi-Rad et al. 2017). Similarly, Hamzawy et al. (2012) evaluated the protective role of thyme vulgaris ethanol extract against oxidative stress and liver damage in rats fed AFs-contaminated diets and showed that due to its antioxidant proprieties, free radical scavenging activities and anti-inflammatory properties, this compound exhibited hepato-reno-protective properties against AF-induced liver and kidney injury in a dose-dependent way.
Thermal, structural, antimicrobial, and physicochemical characterisation of thyme essential oil encapsulated in β- and γ-cyclodextrin
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Jasim Ahmed, Mehrajfatema Z. Mulla, Hassan Al-Attar, Shaikhah AlZuwayed, Mohammed Ejaz, Sarah Al-Jassar, Harsha Jacob, Linu Thomas, Noor Al-Ruwaih, Antony Joseph
Among essential oils, thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oil, which is extracted from the leaves of T. vulgaris L. as such or its major compounds (e.g. thymol and carvacrol) has several applications in food (He et al. 2022), agriculture (Barros et al. 2022), packaging (Zhang et al. 2021), and pharmaceuticals (Garg et al. 2021). Most of the desired properties of thyme essential oil (TEO) have been attributed to the dominant presence of phenolic compounds, namely thymol, carvacrol, and paracymene (Purcell et al. 2016). Additionally, it has been reported that thymol and carvacrol in TEO have shown synergistic effects by acting as superior antimicrobial agents over pure thymol (Burt et al. 2005). Direct addition of TEO into the food matrix has shown many limitations, in particular, volatilisation and oxidation of active compounds when applied in the presence of light and oxygen (Carvalho et al. 2016, Yilmaztekin et al. 2019, Yang et al. 2021). In our earlier work on the development of EO-based packaging materials, it has been observed that the direct addition of EO to the polymer solution requires a large volume of oils (Ahmed et al. 2017, Ahmed et al. 2019, Ahmed et al. 2020), which significantly deteriorates the sensory characteristics of a food product. These limitations require a suitable process that can retain the desirable characteristics of EO in a suitable matrix.