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Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Currently, psoralens are (largely) removed from the crude oil before being used in fragrances and other cosmetics, including bronzing and sun-protecting products (which should not contain bergapten in quantities >1 ppm in the European Union). There are no regulations, however, for its content in essential oils used in aromatherapy. Indeed, several cases of phototoxicity from such use have been reported (12,13). One patient developed phototoxicity from bath oil, which was shown to contain 5-methoxypsoralen (12). Two patients developed bullous phototoxic dermatitis from aromatherapy with bergamot oil, of which one from its use in a sauna. One of the preparations used proved to contain 2400 ppm (0.24%) bergapten (13). Two cases of photoallergy from bergamot oil were reported from Italy (11).
Aromatic Medicine
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Sakshi Bajaj, Himangini Bansal
Essential oils are the gathering of hydrophobic and highly volatile secondary plant metabolites that can be extracted from plants and are utilized as fragrances, flavorings, and alternative medicine techniques, for example, aromatherapy. While a solitary compound may have a particular smell, most EOs are really many intensifies that, when consolidated, make the smell related with that specific plant (Dhifi et al., 2016)
Adverse Effects and Intoxication with Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
In most cases, essential oils are safe in use except in overdosage, wrong application route, and in hypersensitive persons. As essential oils are highly lipophilic, they are absorbed readily, and thus, also after topical application, systemic reactions may occur. Noteworthy, lipophilic constituents of essential oils may also pass the blood–brain and placental barriers, and therefore the application during pregnancy and lactation has to be done carefully. It is well documented that the toxicity of essential oils is concentration-dependent, and thus most unwanted side effects can be avoided by application of low doses. This advice, however, is not relevant for hypersensitive people, because allergic reactions can occur independently of the concentration.
Effect of aromatherapy on quality of life in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Cong Zhang, Hang Mu, Yong-Fang Yang, Yong Zhang, Wen-Jun Gou
The results of this study indicated that aromatherapy may reduce fatigue in patients on MHD. Among the various physical and psychological symptoms experienced by hemodialysis patients, the incidence of fatigue is the highest, accounting for 65.6∼91.0% [26]. Fatigue not only seriously impacts the quality of life of MHD patients but also increases the risk of cardiovascular events, which can influence a patient’s prognosis. Kang and Lee et al. [45,46] demonstrated that the type of essential oil may impact the effect of the intervention. A reason for this finding may be that compound essential oils have more components than single essential oils, leading to more pronounced physiological effects. Aromatic essential oils improve blood flow, relieve pain, relax muscles, and reduce fatigue by blocking brain impulses, endorphins, serotonin, and dopamine, thereby reducing sensitivity and muscle stiffness. The results of this study are inconsistent with those of Bagheri‐Nesami et al. [47], which may be related to many factors, including the intervention time, treatment dose and concentration, and treatment mode. Varaei et al. [41] found that the treatment effect of aromatic essential oil massage on the symptoms of MHD patients was greater than that of aromatic inhalation, although the findings of this study require further confirmation. Yangoz et al. also found that aromatherapy may help to reduce the severity of fatigue in adults receiving hemodialysis, but they did not analyze the broader effects of aromatherapy on dialysis patients [48].
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Enhancement of the antifungal properties of Zataria multiflora essential oil through nanoencapsulation with ZnO nanomaterial
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Samira Enayati, Mahdi Davari, Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh, Asgar Ebadollahi, Solmaz Feizpoor
Essential oils, which are complex mixtures of volatile compounds particularly abundant in aromatic plants, contain a variety of chemicals, including hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and so on (Plotto et al.2003, Leimann et al.2009). Due to their lipophilic nature and low molecular weight, these compounds are able to cause structural and functional damage in the cell of fungi and microbes by disrupting the membrane permeability and the osmotic balance of the cell (Kalagatur et al.2015). Researches have shown that essential oils have many benefits over industrialized fungicides. They have effective compounds that fungi cannot deactivate. Lack of negative side-effects, rapid decomposition, and the impact on a wide range of pathogens are among the other benefits of essential oils (Shavisi et al.2017).
Phytochemical and biological activities of some Iranian medicinal plants
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Salome Dini, Qihe Chen, Faezeh Fatemi, Younes Asri
Several authors have reviewed the beneficial uses of essential oils (Amorati et al. 2013; Chouhan et al. 2017). Swamy et al. (2016) reviewed selected essential oils from different countries that have great antimicrobial properties. However, few comprehensive reviews have been published on phytochemical compounds and pharmaceutical effects of Iranian endemic plants. Therefore, this review aimed to focus on 23 medicinal plants native to Iran, which are widely distributed and used in Iranian traditional medicine and among locals. The entire data were classified in three tables; traditional uses (Table 1), antioxidant effects (Table 2) and antimicrobial potential (Table 3) of essential oils from the selected medicinal plants. All the available information was compiled via reliable electronic databases; ‘Google Scholar’, ‘Science Direct’ and ‘SID’ from 2010 to 2020 to provide a foundational knowledge guide for its subsequent research and utilization.