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Pain—Acute
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Wisdom Teeth: Taking bromelain by mouth during the perioperative period for surgical removal of wisdom teeth reduced complications after third molar extraction, including pain, swelling, and limited mouth opening.25, 26, 27 Patients were given oral bromelain enteric-coated capsules (30,000 units) on the day of the surgery, three times/day and continued for three days. Clove oil contains eugenol which acts as an anesthetic and antibacterial agent. Applied by cotton swab or cotton ball over the gums, clove oil may be as effective as benzocaine, the numbing ingredient in over-the-counter toothache gels.28
Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Clove oil is used traditionally in dental care as an antiseptic and analgesic, where the undiluted oil may be rubbed on the gums to treat toothache. It is active against oral bacteria associated with dental caries and periodontal disease and effective against a large number of other bacteria. Most of these biological activities are ascribed to its main ingredient eugenol, which is also used as a starting material for the production of vanillin (1). An overview of potential health benefits of clove is provided in ref. 4.
Adverse Effects and Intoxication with Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Recent growth in aromatherapy sales has been accompanied by an unfortunate increase in accidental poisoning from these products. Clove oil warrants special attention, because it has hepatotoxic effects at high concentrations.
Development, optimization and characterization of nanoemulsion loaded with clove oil-naftifine antifungal for the management of tinea
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Adel F. Alghaith, Sultan Alshehri, Nabil A. Alhakamy, Khaled M. Hosny
Eugenol is a phenolic compound that accounts for 45–90% of clove essential oil (Zhang et al., 2009) and has exhibited several pleiotropic activities, such as anti-inflammatory (Kim et al., 2003), anticancer, bactericidal (Hamed et al., 2012), antifungal (Darvishi et al., 2013), anesthetic (Tsuchiya, 2017), and analgesic effects (Baldisserotto et al., 2018). Its anti-inflammatory effect might be ascribed to its ability to block the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which is responsible for producing the inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (Zhang et al., 2013). More importantly, eugenol offers good activity against dermatophytes due to its interaction with the fungal envelope, leading to the leakage of cells’ essential elements and eventually cell death (Lee et al., 2007). Furthermore, several investigations have suggested that eugenol also offers a transdermal penetration-enhancing effect (Mutalik & Udupa, 2003). Based on the above-mentioned findings, clove oil appears to be a promising support therapy in treating topical skin infections like tinea.
Triggering of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by fennel and clove oils in Caco-2 cells: the role of combination
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2019
Islam M. El-Garawani, Sobhy Hassab El-Nabi, Gouda T. Dawoud, Shaimaa M. Esmail, Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
Fennel essential oil (Foeniculum vulgare, family: Apiaceae) is known to exhibit antigenotoxic effect on normal tissues (El-Garawani et al. 2017) in addition to anticancer activity (Sharopov et al. 2017). Furthermore, it displays strong antioxidant properties in a biological system, including antimicrobial, insecticidal, antithrombotic, and hepato-protective action against carbon tetrachloride damage in rats (Rather et al. 2016). Furthermore, the major compound of fennel oil is anethole, which exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective properties, and anticancer activities (Tohamy et al. 2013). In addition, clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum, family: Myrtaceae) has been reported to participate in photochemical reactions and exhibits strong antioxidant activities and photocytotoxicity. The major constituent of clove oil is eugenol, which is attributed for many of the antioxidant properties and antitumor activities of clove oil (Al Wafai et al. 2017).
Itraconazole-loaded microemulsions: formulation, characterization, and dermal delivery using shed snakeskin as the model membrane
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2023
Saratsanan Promjan, Prapaporn Boonme
Among the studied oils, clove oil provided the highest solubility of ITZ which could meet sufficient the therapeutic dose. Solubility power of clove oil was due to its components, i.e. eugenol and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (Velluti et al. 2003; Al-Jasass and Al-Jasser 2012). Therefore, clove oil was selected as the oil phase for formulation development of ITZ-loaded MEs. Besides, clove oil can provide a synergic effect on dermatophytosis treatment against C. albicans, Aspergillus sp., and T. rubrum (Park et al. 2007; Rana et al. 2011; Mansourian et al. 2014). Clove oil can also act as a skin permeation enhancer by disturbing intercellular lipids of the SC (Herman and Herman 2015; Jiang et al. 2017).