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Utilization of Fisheries' By-Products for Functional Foods
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Muhamad Darmawan, Nurrahmi Dewi Fajarningsih, Sihono, Hari Eko Irianto
Strong evidence showed that many human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular, stroke, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and dementia are associated with the accumulation of free radicals (Florence, 1995). Antioxidants are molecules that are able to donate an electron to a free radical and neutralize it, hence reducing the free radical damage capacity (Lobo et al., 2010). The potential of fish by-products’ protein hydrolysate as a natural antioxidant has also been highlighted and reported by many studies, such as Lassoued et al. (2015), who reported the high antioxidant activity of the pentapeptides Ala-Val-Gly-Ala-Thr purified from the Raja clavate (thornback ray) skin protease-hydrolyzed FPH. The antioxidant potential of fisheries’ by-product FPH was also reported by other studies, such as by Chi et al. (2015), who purified antioxidant peptides of Phe-Ile-Gly-Pro, Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly-Phe-Ile and Gly-Ser-Gly-Gly-Leu from protein hydrolysates of bluefin leatherjacket (Navodon septentrionalis) heads.
Diet and health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
A healthy body produces free radicals as part of its normal cellular processes. We also absorb excess free radicals from air pollution, ozone, radiation, cigarette smoke, sunlight and certain chemicals. Excess free radicals damage cells and tissues through a process called oxidative stress. Atoms normally contain electrons, negative charges, in pairs to keep them balanced. Free radicals have one or more unpaired electrons, so they snatch electrons from other atoms, which causes damage. Oxidative stress leads to low-grade inflammation which is associated with a range of health conditions. Antioxidants can donate electrons to free radicals and stop the damage. They include phytochemicals such as flavonoids and carotenoids. These are within the yellow/red/orange pigments of fruit and vegetablesvitamin Cvitamin Eselenium
Preparation and Health Benefits of Rice Beverages From Ethnomedicinal Plants: Case Study in North-East of India
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria, Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
Vedant Vikrom Borah, Mahua Gupta Choudhury, Probin Phanjom
Antioxidants protect and minimize the damaging effects of free radicals and ROS [48]. Some of the commonly known antioxidants are: vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids. Besides, others include: vitamins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, lignin, and minerals that are naturally present in plants.
The effects of green tea on cognitive impairments in the rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: protection against inflammatory and oxidative damage
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Mahsa Amirpour, Mohammad Ali Mirshekar, Gohar Sedaghat, Farzaneh Montazerifar, Shadi Shourestani, Saiedeh Arabmoazzen, Mehrdad Naghizadeh
AD is a neurodegenerative disorder, defects the brain's synapses and is exacerbated by lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress [30], which lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) [30], mitochondrial dysfunction [31], and alteration in cell metabolism [32]. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation is involved in the molecular and cellular mechanisms of learning and memory [33]. The increase of ROS leads to lipid peroxidation, and MDA is an end-product of this lipid peroxidation formed during cellular membrane phospholipids decomposition. The MDA is released into extracellular space, then appears into the blood [33]. The attendance of antioxidants in the diet and the consumption of supplements help the body to amplify the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems [34]. Therefore, the body's defense system can better handle oxidative stress [35]. The GT is a communal hot drink among most nations. It's an anodyne and prevalent beverage that has a lot of antioxidants [36] and anticancer [37] properties. The GT, which is a non-fermentation of black tea, has an antioxidant strength that is 6-fold more than that of black tea [38]. GT was reported to work as a free radical species scavenge [39].
Systematic review on activity of liposomal encapsulated antioxidant, antibiotics, and antiviral agents
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2022
Reshna K. R, Preetha Balakrishnan, Sreerag Gopi
Environment stress and cell dysfunction levels of ROS can increase and cause significant cellular damage in body. The cells are able to protect themselves against ROS damage by intracellular enzymatic reaction and free radical scavenging actions, dietary antioxidant in the body. Oxidative stress significantly causes different disease such as inflammatory disease, heart disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and to the aging process (Figure 1) (Zampelas and Micha 2015). Antioxidants are able to neutralize free radicals by accepting or donating electron(s) to remove the unpaired status of the radical. Antioxidants are important in both food industry and medical field. In food industry antioxidants help to prevent rancidity, in medical field it protects the human body from diseases from ROS damage.
Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Prevention by Gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica)
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Gaurav Kumar, Venkateshwar Madka, Gopal Pathuri, Vishal Ganta, Chinthalapally V. Rao
P. emblica fruit is the second richest known source of vitamin C (4), as well as having high levels of tannins, alkaloids, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals. P. emblica contains several biologically-active antioxidant polyphenols, including gallic acid, pyrogallol, emblicanin A and B, pentagalloylglucose, and ellagic acid (Figure 1). Other compounds found in P. emblica include flavonoids, quercetin, kaempferol, sesquiterpenoids, and flavonol, all of which have pleotropic effects on various cellular functions (3, 5, 6). Antioxidants are well established to protect cells from the impact of free radicals and in turn reduce inflammation in the body. Multiple preclinical or clinical studies over the last three decades have shown that gooseberry constituents possess anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant effects which protect against neurological disorders, have hepatoprotective and cardioprotective activities, and are cancer-preventive (3, 7–11) (Table 1 and Figure 2). Based on these reported protective activities and therapeutic benefits, P. emblica extracts are prepared and commercialized in many forms, including pickles, candy, jam, squash, juice, and powders; P. emblica is also a primary ingredient in herbal formulations known as Chyavanprash and Triphala (13).