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Meeting personal needs: hydration and nutrition
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Age UK (2020) identifies how food and fluid are a significant part of services provided to older people in residential care and are key to satisfaction with services. A balanced diet consists of a particular selection of foods, in the correct proportions to meet the body cells’ requirements and is essential for maintaining a healthy body that functions efficiently. We have already considered the nutrients necessary for a healthy diet and factors that affect nutritional status, but in care settings, achieving a healthy diet poses particular challenges. Considering people’s food preferences is an important aspect of promoting healthy eating.
Care of Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Sarah Vermilyea, Elisabeth Pordes
Children with medication-refractory epilepsy may be initiated on a ketogenic diet as treatment for seizures. The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate protein, low-carbohydrate diet which shifts the metabolism of the body from glucose to fat so the brain can use ketones over carbohydrates as its primary energy.
Metabolic Syndrome
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
There are preventive measures for metabolic syndrome, as well as measures to improve the condition. Prevention is a primary goal. Abdominal obesity must be decreased or prevented as a key factor in relation to metabolic syndrome. There must be an improved-quality diet and increased physical activity for weight loss, as well as prevention of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Blood pressure must be lowered to less than 140/90 mm Hg ideally. The DASH diet, meaning dietary approaches to stop hypertension, helps assist in this process, along with lifestyle modifications.
Perception of proposed preliminary food-based dietary guidelines for Lake Victoria region of Kenya: findings from a qualitative study among adult community members
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2023
EC Korir, PJ Tuitoek, D Marais
Although most participants perceived the guidelines as encouraging the consumption of a ‘balanced diet’, some concepts of the guidelines were unfamiliar. A study in Nepal also found that participants described healthy eating in terms of a ‘balanced diet’.17 However, the ‘balanced diet’ concept in the region was understood to mean the consumption of meals consisting of three nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins and vitamin. Similarly, a study in western Kenya (Vihiga) described a ‘balanced diet’ as ‘a good meal consisting of foods rich in the three nutrients eaten daily on one plate namely “ugali”, fish/beef, vegetable and fruits’.18 There were no references to minerals and fats/oils as significant nutrients in regular diets. Similarly, the translation of the term ‘variety’ to ‘a menu plan’ showed limited nutrition knowledge of this dietary principle. The exchange of boiled maize and roasted maize was viewed as introducing variety to a meal, while the consumption of fish, other meats and legumes was viewed as replication of nutrients. Nutrition knowledge as it existed in the community was linked to the school curriculum structure. Findings suggest the need to revise nutrition education materials to incorporate evidence-based dietary principles in meal planning.
Effects of a Plant-Based High-Protein Diet on Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy – a Randomized Controlled Trial
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Esther Sathiaraj, Kamar Afshan, Sruthi R, Arti Jadoni, Krithika Murugan, Shekhar Patil, Radheshyam Naik
A negative correlation was also observed between fatigue scores and muscle mass, although this was not statistically significant. This could imply that by increasing muscle mass among patients with breast cancer, the prevalence of fatigue could be reduced. This is consistent with previous studies that have shown that prevention of sarcopenia and preservation of muscle mass have positive patient-related outcomes, including fatigue (43, 44). A recent study has shown that a high protein diet and not isolated branched chain amino acid can improve the skeletal muscle mass in patients with gastrointestinal cancers (45) while whey protein supplementation is considered excellent for maintaining muscle mass even under caloric restriction (46). Protein source is a topic of interest for patients and clinicians. A diet rich in plant-derived proteins may support muscle anabolism, albeit requiring a larger quantity of protein to fulfill the recommended intake (47) and therefore a whey-based supplement was added to the intervention protocol to meet the protein requirement. A high protein diet can be a cost-effective way to improve muscle mass rather than focusing on ingestion of supplements. However, whey protein contains branched-chain amino acids, has a high amino acid content, and is digested rapidly, making it a high-quality protein source. Branched-chain amino acids such as leucine are considered major stimulators of muscle protein synthesis (48, 49). A longer study duration may have demonstrated a stronger and statistically significant correlation between muscle mass and CRF.
Gluten-free diet attenuates the impact of exogenous vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity in young women with autoimmune thyroiditis: a pilot study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2022
Robert Krysiak, Karolina Kowalcze, Bogusław Okopień
The study population consisted of two groups of patients. Group A included 31 women who, because of non-celiac gluten sensitivity, were on a gluten-free diet for at least 12 months preceding the study. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity was defined as self-reported gluten intolerance, a rapid resolution of symptoms on a gluten-free diet and exclusion of celiac disease and IgE-mediated wheat allergy. Celiac disease was considered adequately excluded if tissue transglutaminase antibodies and endomysial antibodies were negative (based upon IgA testing or IgG testing in individuals with IgA deficiency), and there was no villous atrophy on biopsy. IgE-mediated wheat allergy was ruled out based on the lack of an immediate reaction after wheat ingestion combined with a negative skin prick test and levels of specific IgE below the threshold value. The gluten-free diet was defined as the consumption of gluten-free natural and processed products containing no more than 20 mg of gluten per 1 kg of product. In turn, group B included 31 women without gluten-related disorders. They were unaffected sisters of women with non-celiac gluten sensitivity and did not follow dietary interventions. To limit the impact of seasonal variations in the outcome variables and seasonal confounds, participants were recruited between December and January, and between July and August. The flow of patients through the study is shown in Figure 1.