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Nutrition and Metabolic Factors
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
Minerals are inorganic salt ions that may act as cofactors (similar functions as coenzymes) or as part of mineralized various structures such as teeth or bone. There are two primary classifications of minerals. Specifically, minerals may be classified as either macrominerals (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium) or trace elements (iron, zinc, copper, chromium, and selenium) based on dietary requirements. The daily allowance for macrominerals is greater than 100 mg day–1 and is less than 20 mg day–1 for trace elements (73).
An Introduction to Metabolic Medicine
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
We see many patients with vitamin and mineral deficiency syndromes. Such patients rarely require IV therapy, although it is utilized on occasion. This is another distinction between our practice and that of the Alternative/Integrative groups. We do not infuse vitamins, chelation agents or other preparations in our office. If a patient requires IV iron or other micronutrient support, it is performed in the hospital’s infusion center or other similarly regulated facilities. However, we do keep a stock of injectable thiamine and cyanocobalamin in our office for patients who require them acutely.
Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Unlike macronutrients, of which the body needs a few tens to several hundred grams, micronutrients are nutrients required by the body in smaller amounts, from some micrograms (µg) to a few hundred milligrams. Micronutrients include all the vitamins and essential minerals. There are 16 essential minerals and 13 vitamins required to build and maintain all body cells and tissues (1–5). They are essential to life and participate in a wide range of physiological functions, as well as the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Micronutrients play a central part in the metabolism and in the maintenance of tissue function. They are essential components of the human diet and contribute to growth, development, and performance (1–5). Certain minerals or vitamins play a crucial role as co-factors or co-enzymes in the activity of all enzymes to perform their activities in cells and organs. Without them, cell activities will be disturbed or cease to function. Some minerals and vitamins have antioxidant properties which can neutralize the deleterious effects of oxidant species or free radicals. Various minerals are essential for human life.
Decreased plasma levels and dietary intake of minerals in women with migraine
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Mariele Lino Silva, Laís Bhering Martins, Luana Caroline dos Santos, Gilberto Simeone Henriques, Antonio Lucio Teixeira, Ana Maria dos Santos Rodrigues, Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
Mg has been the most investigated mineral in migraine. Patients with migraine have lower serum levels of Mg than controls, both during migraine attacks (i.e., ictal period) and interictal period. Reduction in Mg serum levels is more prominent during the ictal period and seems to be an independent factor for the development of migraine attacks [5,8,11,12]. Therefore, Mg supplementation has been suggested for the treatment of migraine [15,20,34]. Mg citrate (trimagnesium dicitrate) supplementation (600 mg/day) during 12 weeks was effective in preventing migraines [18,19]. The frequency of migraine attacks reduced by approximately 42% between 9–12 weeks of treatment with Mg. Furthermore, the number of days with migraine and the use of analgesic drugs also decreased [18]. In agreement, Köseoglu et al. [19] found that the frequency of migraine attacks decreased after a 3-month treatment period with oral Mg citrate (600 mg/day) supplementation [19]. In general, supplementation of minerals or vitamins effectively reduces symptoms when there is an established deficiency of the supplemented nutrient [35]. In migraine, approximately half of the patients have Mg deficiency [36]. As shown in Figure 1, some participants displayed a deficiency of certain minerals based on reference values. Future clinical trials must consider the effect of supplementation on reducing migraines considering the existence or not of mineral deficiency prior to treatment.
Associations Between Health Status, Training Level, Motivations for Exercise, and Supplement Use Among Recreational Runners
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2022
Julie Ann Ulery, Bridget F. Melton, Helen Bland, Amy Jo Riggs
According to ISSN, vitamins that have the possibility of conferring health benefits in deficient athletes include vitamin E, niacin, folic acid, vitamin C, and vitamin D (Kerksick et al. 2018). Supplementation of these vitamins have limited evidence of ergogenic value. However, athletes with a nutrient-deficient diet can derive general benefits from consumption (Kerksick et al. 2018). Minerals with health benefits and situational ergogenic benefits include calcium, iron, sodium phosphate, or elemental sodium (Kerksick et al. 2018). There is no or limited evidence supporting any ergogenic value of the supplementation of boron, chromium, vanadium, or magnesium (Kerksick et al. 2018). Athletes have been shown to use various purported immune-enhancing dietary supplements and dietary ingredients with a limited or a lack of support in the literature (Maughan et al. 2018a). These dietary supplements include zinc, glutamine, caffeine, echinacea, vitamin E, β-glucans, and Omega-3 PUFAs (Maughan et al. 2018a). Nevertheless, ISSN does support the consumption of a daily multivitamin or multivitamin with minerals by athletes (Kerksick et al. 2018). Using a multivitamin and mineral supplement is particularly endorsed for athletes with suspected nutrient or energy-deficient diets (Kerksick et al. 2018).
Toward ‘element balance’ in ADHD: an exploratory case control study employing hair analysis
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
John C. Perham, Nida I. Shaikh, Anna Lee, Kathryn A. Darling, Julia J. Rucklidge
This exploratory case-controlled study has revealed a possible link between thirty hair element ratios, three individual element levels, and ADHD clinical symptom scores. The fact that there were group differences on only three of the individual minerals, and that none of our identified group differences have been reported in previous literature, suggests that deficiencies or excesses of single minerals are unlikely to substantially and reliably explain the symptoms of ADHD. The ratios may be far more important than individual element means in better understanding the effects that minerals may have on the pathogenesis of ADHD. Replication of these results is necessary in order to further clarify the potential significance of the group differences observed in elements and element ratios among pre-adolescent boys with and without ADHD.