China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nanomedicine Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Saima Zulfiqar, Zunaira Naeem, Shahzad Sharif, Ayoub Rashid Ch., M. Zia-Ul-Haq, Marius Moga
Catalysts are made by using a small percentage of copper or silver along with aluminum oxide, such as 10% of copper with aluminum oxide and 5% of silver with Al2O3 which will inhibit SARS-CoV virus in 20 and 5 minutes, respectively and use for air disinfection [57]. When copper and copper oxide nanoparticles are brought into contact with living cells, these are converted to ions [58, 59]. Nanoparticles small size enables them to cover huge surface area as well as enhance the speed of dispersion of copper ions. Antimicrobial activity is increased by using nanostructured copper.
Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for the human body, which contains approximately 100 mg Cu (209–212). Copper is a redox active metal in aqueous solution. In biological systems copper can exist in two ionic forms: Cu2+ and Cu1+, which are dominant in the extracellular oxidative and intracellular reductive environment, respectively (210). Copper is a cofactor of many copper redox enzymes such as ceruloplasmin, superoxide dismutase, and cytochrome C oxidase. Ceruloplasmin is a Cu-dependent ferroxidase enzyme, while superoxide dismutase is a strong antioxidant enzyme which is responsible for eliminating the superoxide anion, and cytochrome C oxidase is the terminal oxidase of cellular respiration (15, 111, 209). The ionic conversion between Cu2+ and Cu1+ provides a rich and potent redox reaction, acting as a reactive center for many critical enzymatic catalytic reactions which are important for numerous vital biological processes (211). Cu ions are delivered to the sites of utilization by special proteins called copper chaperones which are important components of the Cu metabolism (210).
Trace Minerals
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Numerous studies of copper compounds on animal models of gastric ulcers have found significant enhancement of healing.926 Compounds with highest activity were copper complexes with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. These and other studies suggest that endogenous copper may facilitate action of NSAIDs. Thus, copper compounds, both nature-identical and synthetic, assist and enhance wound healing in animal models.
Physicochemical and biological impact of metal-catalyzed oxidation of IgG1 monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates via reactive oxygen species
Published in mAbs, 2022
Zephania Kwong Glover, Aaron Wecksler, Baikuntha Aryal, Shrenik Mehta, Melissa Pegues, Wayman Chan, Mari Lehtimaki, Allen Luo, Alavattam Sreedhara, V. Ashutosh Rao
In our study, Cu(II)/ascorbic acid oxidation system clearly surpassed Fe(II)/H2O2 in the effectiveness of oxidation and results in region-specific structural and functional impact on trastuzumab, T-DM1, anti-NaPi2b, and anti-NaPi2b-vc-MMAE. Our results demonstrate that MCO causes definitive physicochemical and structural changes in biotherapeutics as shown by changes in oxidation, carbonylation, and size variants. While the peptide-level oxidation (i.e., CDR) and size-variant changes depend on the drug studied, the change in carbonylation depends on the oxidization conditions. These changes affected critical Fc effector function binding regions that drive ADCC and resulted in diminished potency, notably more so by Cu(II) than Fe(II/III). The findings clearly highlight the higher risk of copper as an available trace metal in biotherapeutic drug products.
Copper deficiency, a rare but correctable cause of pancytopenia: a review of literature
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Nayha Tahir, Aqsa Ashraf, Syed Hamza Bin Waqar, Abdul Rafae, Leela Kantamneni, Taha Sheikh, Rafiullah Khan
Our study focuses on prevalence, etiology, pathophysiology, complications, and treatment of copper deficiency. Copper deficiency is a rare and frequently underrecognized cause of anemia, neutropenia, and bone marrow dysplasia. As it is potentially treatable, it should be always kept in the differentials when patients present with neurological and hematological abnormalities. A thorough history, physical examination, and work up are needed to establish diagnosis. Patients with a suspected copper deficiency should have a complete blood picture along with iron studies, vitamin B12, D, and E. Diagnosis is made by measuring the serum copper, ceruloplasmin, and/or 24-h urine copper levels. Copper deficiency is an uncommon cause of bone marrow dysplasia and can mimic myelodysplastic syndrome such as ringed sideroblastic anemia variety. Ringed sideroblastic anemia with neutropenia can especially be kept under the umbrella of copper deficiency. Oral and intravenous supplementation is required with median time to response being 1–3 months. Copper deficiency due to gastrointestinal disease can be associated with deficiency of other nutrients like vitamins B 12, D, and E, and these should be supplemented concomitantly if needed. The patients who have copper deficiency due to excessive zinc ingestion should suffice from stopping zinc. Research has shown that the neurologic manifestations are only partially reversible while hematological manifestations are largely reversible and return to baseline in 12 weeks. Regular follow-ups are required to ensure resolution of symptoms and correction of blood counts.
Copper and zinc deficiency in an alcoholic patient: a case report of a therapeutic dilemma
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2022
Hiroshi Ito, Yasuhiro Ogawa, Nobutake Shimojo, Satoru Kawano
Copper is a trace element essential for the function of human cellular enzymes. The recommended dietary allowance for copper is 0.9 mg daily in adults.1 Although relatively rare, copper deficiency usually presents symptoms including anemia and ataxia.2 The risk factors for copper deficiency include gastrointestinal surgery, excessive zinc ingestion, and malabsorptive conditions. Case reports have suggested an association between alcohol consumption and copper deficiency.3 However, little is known still about the relationship between the two states. Here, we describe a case of copper deficiency in a patient with alcohol use disorder who also had zinc deficiency. Patients with alcohol use disorder can present zinc and copper deficiencies at the same time. Because copper and zinc are competitively absorbed from the jejunum, this condition poses a therapeutic dilemma.