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Chemopreventive Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
It has been speculated for many years that the so-called “Mediterranean Diet” has several health benefits, including reduced risk of heart disease and cancer. This diet, which is commonplace in Mediterranean countries, is characterized by a high consumption of olive oil, legumes, unrefined cereals, fish, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, and wine (particularly red wine), and a low consumption of meat products. Interestingly, a study carried out on 26,000 members of the Greek population suggested that intake of olive oil alone in the diet can reduce the risk of cancer by 9%. In addition to olive oil, the constituents of tomatoes, red peppers, and red wine have all been suggested to act as cancer chemopreventive agents and to have other positive benefits for health. Two components of olive oil, oleic acid and oleocanthal, have been identified as possible cancer chemopreventive agents, along with the carotenoid compounds lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin from tomatoes and red peppers, respectively, and resveratrol found in red wine. These agents are described below in more detail.
General Nutritional Considerations for Chronic Hyperglycemia—Type 2 Diabetes
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
In Type 2 diabetes, greater adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet is associated with lower HbA1c and post-meal glucose levels (Esposito, Maiorino, Di Palo et al. 2009). In a subsequent report, published in Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, the investigators concluded that not only does adopting a Mediterranean diet help prevent Type 2 diabetes, but it also improves glycemic control and reduces cardiovascular risk in persons with established diabetes (Esposito, Maiorino, Ceriello et al. 2010).
The Mediterranean Diet
Published in Caroline Apovian, Elizabeth Brouillard, Lorraine Young, Clinical Guide to Popular Diets, 2018
Ultimately, the Mediterranean Diet is a diet for people who love the types of food the diet accommodates. It offers the freedom to eat foods that might otherwise be “forbidden” on other diets—such as pasta or cheese—and to drink alcohol in moderation. However, it is crucial that patients do not view a license to eat pasta, consume cheese, and drink alcohol as a sanction to consume large quantities of these foods or beverages. The Physician and Registered Dietitian play an important role in ensuring that any patient using the Mediterranean Diet for weight loss is able to understand the importance of portion control and moderation. It may be necessary to provide patients with a calorie prescription to guide their use of the Mediterranean Diet for weight management. Similarly, it might be helpful to have patients track their intake using a food log or food tracking smartphone application as an educational tool to learn about calorie consumption, portion control, and overall dietary habits. Finally, it may be important to involve an Exercise Physiologist or Certified Personal Trainer to incorporate daily physical activity per the Mediterranean Diet lifestyle.
Culturally Adapting Evidence on Dementia Prevention for Ethnically Diverse Communities: Lessons Learnt from co-design
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2023
Bianca Brijnath, Carolina Navarro Medel, Josefine Antoniades, Andrew S. Gilbert
Issues also emerged relating to the cultural suitability of the dietary recommendations. The Lancet Commission (Livingston et al., 2020) recommends the Mediterranean diet as an effective evidence-based dietary pattern to reduce the risk of dementia. However, the Mediterranean diet in and of itself is a cultural artifact (Saulle & La Torre, 2012) and thus the term itself is not directly transplantable from the Mediterranean region to other parts of the world – e.g. into Asia. Following consultation with the SAC, we decided that describing the key elements of the Mediterranean diet (e.g., eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, olive oil, whole grains, etc.) would be more appropriate than naming it as such. In addition, we were careful not to include any images or references to meat, especially beef and pork, in recognition that several communities are largely vegetarian. These decisions were made to ensure that the animated film and the recommendations would be relatable to people from different cultural backgrounds, with diverse and culturally-derived dietary patterns, and not only those with Anglo and European backgrounds.
Associations of alcohol consumption and dietary behaviors with severe cognitive impairment among Chinese older men and women
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
Yen-Han Lee, Trishnee Bhurosy, Yen-Chang Chang, Ching-Ti Liu, Mack Shelley
Previous studies have found that excessive alcohol consumption may increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction and dementia while low to moderate alcohol intake can protect against cognitive decline in older adults (Ilomaki et al., 2015; J. W. Kim et al., 2012). However, less is known on the association between drinking patterns (e.g., light to moderate and heavy drinking) and cognitive function (Ilomaki et al., 2015). It is also important to look at the role of dietary patterns when examining the relationship between alcohol intake and cognitive health of older adults. While specific dietary and nutritional components can improve cognitive performance, the diet as a whole remains important in reducing cognitive decline in older adults (Ogawa, 2014). For instance, studies have found that the Mediterranean diet, characterized by a high intake of vegetables, legumes, fruits, nuts, cereals, and olive oil and a moderate intake of alcohol, can be beneficial for older adults’ cognitive health and avoid severe level of dementia (Loughrey et al., 2017).
Evaluation of the Relation between Compliance with Mediterranean Diet and Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Meltem Kudret, Fatma Nişancı Kılınç, Sevilay Karahan
It was reported in a previous study that the Mediterranean Diet can prevent Type 2 Diabetes and even help reduce the HbA1c levels in diagnosed patients (22). In this study, no significant relations were detected between the HbA1c levels of the patients and compliance with the Mediterranean Diet. However, the HbA1c value of those who had a score of 10 and above in compliance with the Mediterranean Diet was found to be higher in individuals who had an acceptable level. A study conducted with 383 individuals with Type 2 Diabetes reported that the Mediterranean Diet was not effective in reducing HbA1c levels, and this was associated with the small sample count (23). In a study that was conducted with individuals aged 35–70 with Type 2 Diabetes, it was found that the HbA1c levels were lower in those with high compliance with the Mediterranean Diet than in those who had low compliance (22). It was determined in this study that there were no relations between HbA1c values and SF-36 component scores according to age, gender, and smoking status. In line with this result, some other studies did not report statistically significant relations between HbA1c levels and quality of life (24, 25). It is considered that this may result from a non-linear relation between HbA1c and quality of life. Unlike these studies, another study reported that there was a negative correlation between HbA1c levels and some components of SF-36 (26).