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Plantago ovata (Isabgol) and Rauvolfia serpentina (Indian Snakeroot)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Ankur Anavkar, Nimisha Patel, Ahmad Ali, Hina Alim
Flavonoids reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevent cell damage. Presence of flavonoids also reduces risk of cardiovascular diseases. Flavonoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Thus, R. serpentina is currently being studied for drug discovery (Bunkar, 2017; Shah et al., 2020).
Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
However, it is misrepresenting to view pro-oxidant properties only as toxic ones. Other authors have also shown that the pro-oxidant effect of flavonoids might mitigate certain types of cancer (86, 154, 218–220). Some authors have postulated that pro-oxidants can have beneficial effects, since the imposition of a mild degree of oxidative stress might raise the levels of antioxidant defenses and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, leading to increased cyto-protection (86, 220).
Tropical Herbs and Spices as Functional Foods with Antidiabetic Activities
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria, Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
Arnia Sari Mukaromah, Fitria Susilowati
Flavonoid is one of the major antioxidant compounds in celery [18]. Flavonoid is able to overcome the free radicals and preclude devastation to pancreatic βcells [2, 5, 18, 53]. Flavonoids can regulate the absorption of glucose in the intestine, carbohydrate metabolism, and glucose uptake, especially in the regulation of the cell-signaling AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. Flavonoid is also able to help glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle cells [5, 18, 29, 53]. Gutierrez et al. [37] reported that flavonoids as an anti-diabetic agent can diminish apoptosis, enhance pancreatic βcell proliferation, promote the secretion of insulin, manage glucose digest, and reduce hyperglycemia [37]. Flavonoid is also able to suppress insulin resistance, give relief from inflammation in adiposity cells, and suppress oxidative stress chain in the skeletal muscles [35]. Flavonoid plays a key role in the up-regulation of Glucose Transporter-1 (GLUT-1) expression level, which is useful in the treatment of type-2 DM (T2DM).
Intestinal phase-II metabolism of quercetin in HT29 cells, 3D human intestinal tissues and in healthy volunteers: a qualitative comparison using LC-IMS-MS and LC-HRMS
Published in Xenobiotica, 2019
Clément Chalet, Boudewijn Hollebrands, Guus S. Duchateau, Patrick Augustijns
Flavonoids are dietary molecules commonly found in fruits, vegetables and plant-based beverages such as tea or wine (Zamora-Ros et al., 2016). This class of molecules possesses a common C6–C3–C6 backbone, and the many structures described mostly differ by their hydroxyl and methoxy patterns. Flavonoids are subject to first-pass metabolism, especially in the small intestine. Aglycones are absorbed via the cells lining the gut-wall where they undergo an extensive phase-II metabolism, that is, conjugation to glucuronic acid, sulfate or methyl moieties through uridine-5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), sulfotransferases (SULTs) or catechol-O-methyltransferases (COMTs), respectively. These conjugates are then excreted through transporters (mainly BCRP, MRP1 and MRP2), either back to the intestinal lumen or to the portal vein (Jiang & Hu, 2012; Zheng et al., 2016). Parent compounds and metabolites are then passing the liver before appearing into the systemic blood circulation.
Dietary natural flavonoids treating cancer by targeting aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2019
Tian Yang, Ya-Long Feng, Lin Chen, Nosratola D. Vaziri, Ying-Yong Zhao
The epidemiologic data concerning the health benefits of flavonoids in the development of cancer are not convincing. Whereas the case-control studies may suggest some positive benefit, the lack of an inverse association observed in the large cohort studies diminishes confidence in interpretation. Given that clear associations have been observed between fruit and vegetable intake and numerous types of cancer, and that fruit and vegetable intake is likely strongly correlated with flavonoid intake, the results of these epidemiologic studies are somewhat surprising. Whereas the lack of an association may be real, other explanations could include a lack of an adequate measure to assess flavonoid intake (most food frequency questionnaires employed in epidemiologic studies have not been designed to assess phytochemical intake specifically) and the multitude of factors affecting flavonoid content in foods and bioavailability. At the same time, when flavonoid supplements are used to prevent cancer, potential side effects should be considered to determine the safe level of flavonoid intake.
Hypoglycaemic activity of Bauhinia holophylla through GSK3-β inhibition and glycogenesis activation
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Nathalia Ap. De Paula Camaforte, Luiz Leonardo Saldanha, Priscilla Maria Ponce Vareda, João M. Rezende-Neto, Mario R. Senger, Aislan Q. Delgado, Henrique J. N. Morgan, Natalia Moretti Violato, Laís Goyos Pieroni, Anne Lígia Dokkedal, Floriano P. Silva-Júnior, José Roberto Bosqueiro
Lipid metabolism disturbances are common in diabetic patients due to the absence of insulin. In normal metabolism, insulin activates lipoprotein lipase, which hydrolyzes triglycerides. Insulin deficiency thus results in a lack of lipoprotein lipase activation, thereby causing hypertriglyceridaemia (Georg and Ludvik 2000; Rahman 2007). In the present study, diabetic mice in the STZSAL group exhibited a significant increase in cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels (p < 0.01), compared with the levels in the CTLSAL group. However, diabetic mice treated with the B. holophylla extract showed a significant reduction in TC and TGs (Table 2) compared with the STZSAL group. Interestingly, the treatment led to a significant reduction in these parameters, even when the diabetic treated group was compared with both control groups. This beneficial effect is consistent with the literature, which indicates that the intake of flavonoids or other phenolic compounds is associated with a decrease in cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis once these compounds are involved in lowering lipid levels, decreasing LDL oxidation, lowering blood pressure, and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, thus improving the secondary complications of diabetes (Li et al. 2004).