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Role of Nutrition and Diet Therapy in Boosting Immunity
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Polyphenols can make the health of the cardiovascular system better by inhibiting vascular inflammation, restricting oxidation of LDL (low-density lipoprotein), reducing aggregation of platelets, regulating the processes of apoptosis and making the lipid profile better (Vuong, 2017). Many studies have proposed that dark chocolates, citrus fruits and products loaded with cocoa consist of high flavonoid concentrations associated with reduction of risk for cardiovascular disorders (Cicero & Colletti, 2017; Duthie et al., 2000). Similarly, Camellia sinensis and its extracts have great levels of EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) and flavan-3-ol molecules, which are among significant antioxidants for cardiovascular systems. Black tea has strong antioxidant properties but is lower than green tea extract. Extracts of both teas assist in inhibiting blood pressure, which can have a positive impact on the risk profile of the cardiovascular system (Cicero & Colletti, 2017).
Nano Delivery of Antiviral Plant Bioactives as Cancer Therapeutics
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Haripriya Shanmugam, Badma Priya, Manickam Senguttuvan Swetha, Janani Semalaiyappan
Compounds containing more than one phenolic group are called polyphenols and are extensively consumed in the human diet. They are highly ubiquitous in many kinds of fruits, in vegetables, and in dark chocolates. There are several kinds of polyphenols like flavonoids, phenolic acid, polyphenolic amides, to mention a few. Most of the phenolic compounds play a major role in signalling pathways like NF-κB, JAK-STATs, and MAPK pathways.
(Poly)phenols in Exercise Performance and Recovery
Published in James N. Cobley, Gareth W. Davison, Oxidative Eustress in Exercise Physiology, 2022
The term phytochemical refers to compounds found in plants (Frank et al., 2019). Phytochemicals are distinguished by their chemical structures and can be sub-divided into four higher-order classes: phenols and polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids and sulphur compounds (Crozier et al., 2007). Phenols and polyphenols have received the most attention in the literature (collectively termed (poly)phenols) (Frank et al., 2019) and are abundant in fruits and vegetables, with foods such as tea, coffee, wine, grapes and cocoa being exceptionally rich sources (see Table 13.1). Although widely known as antioxidants, it is now recognized that many dietary (poly)phenols are pleiotropic compounds with a wide range of biological activities that include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, vasodilatory and chemoprotective (Pandey and Rizvi, 2009). Given their diverse functionality, it is unsurprising that interest in (poly)phenols continues to expand. In this chapter, we discuss the putative mechanisms underpinning the performance-enhancing and recovery effects of (poly)phenols, followed by a critical précis of the underlying evidence.
Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals on DNA Damage in Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Yang Ye, Ying Ma, Mei Kong, Zhihua Wang, Kang Sun, Fang Li
Carvacrol is a natural phenolic compound present in the essential oils of several plants (eg, thyme, oregano, pepper, and wild bergamot) that exerts various pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. Carvacrol is a regulator of nerve impulse and the immune response (104). It exerts its anticancer effects by inducing and enhancing ROS production, inducing DNA damage, blocking cell cycle progression, and participating in apoptosis (105). Polyphenols play a dual role against cancer: a low concentration of polyphenols exhibits antioxidant activities, whereas a higher concentration promotes DNA damage. Furthermore, a high concentration of polyphenols alters permeability of the mitochondrial membrane, oxidizes antioxidants, and causes DNA damage (106). Carvacrol enhances DNA damage and inhibits cell proliferation in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which reveals a significant negative correlation between cell viability and ROS level (26).
Could polyphenols be used as a neuroprotector therapeutic agent in perinatal brain disorders?
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Diego Bulcão Visco, Raul Manhães de Castro, Omar Guzman-Quevedo, Ana Elisa Toscano
Polyphenols are a group of bioactive compounds, essential for a variety of functions in plants. These natural compounds are commonly found in the human diet mainly in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, and beverages [1]. In the last decades, they have been studied due to their free radical scavenging and metal chelating properties [1]. Currently, there is growing attention to the potential of polyphenolic compounds under various health conditions. In a previous study, we highlighted and discussed the metabolic and neurologic benefits of polyphenols in models of non-communicable disease [2]. Other studies have shown the neuroprotective action of polyphenols in several neurologic disorders [3–7] with benefits in cognition and behavior [8,9]. In the scientific literature, however, there are few studies exploring the therapeutic potential of polyphenolic compounds after brain damage during a critical period of development.
Inhibition of Glutamine Cellular Uptake Contributes to the Cytotoxic Effect of Xanthohumol in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds synthetized by plants (10). They are widely present in our diet in plant-based products such as fruits, vegetables, spices, cereals, wine, and tea, and are responsible for these products’ organoleptic properties like color, bitterness, flavor, odor, and astringency (11,12). The benefits of polyphenols in human health are extensively described, and these include a cancer preventive and anticancer property. Indeed, epidemiological studies show that long-term consumption of polyphenol-rich diets protects against the development and progression of several types of cancer, including breast cancer (12,13). Their breast anticarcinogenic effect involves several distinct mechanisms: interference with redox balance, pro-apoptotic effect, cell cycle arrest, activation of autophagy, inhibition of angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory effect, anti-estrogenic effect, changes in estrogen receptors expression, aromatase modulation, interference with HER2 signaling, and effect on microbiota (14–16).