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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
In 1988, in the USA, 400 perfumes used in fine fragrances, household products and soaps (number of products per category not mentioned) were analyzed for the presence of fragrance chemicals in a concentration of at least 1% and a list of the Top-25 (present in the highest number of products) presented. ‘Terpineol’ was found to be present in 66% of the fine fragrances (rank number 7), 66% of the household product fragrances (rank number 2) and 62% of the fragrances used in soaps (rank number 9) (2).
Metabolism of Terpenoids in Animal Models and Humans
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
α-Terpineol, a monocyclic monoterpene alcohol, is found in the essential oil sources such as neroli, petitgrain, Melaleuca alternifolia, and Origanum vulgare (Bornscheuer et al., 2014). Based on its pleasant lilac-like odor, α-terpineol is widely used in the manufacture of perfumes, cosmetics, soaps, and antiseptic agents. After oral administration to rats (600 mg/kg body weight), α-terpineol is metabolized to p-menthane-1,2,8-triol, probably formed from the epoxide intermediate. Notably, allylic methyl oxidation and the reduction of the 1,2-double bond are the major routes for the biotransformation of α-terpineol in rat (Figure 10.24). Although allylic oxidation of C-1 methyl seems to be the major pathway, the alcohol p-ment-1-ene-7,8-diol could not be isolated from the urine samples. Probably, this compound is accumulated and is readily further oxidized to oleuropeic acid (Madyastha and Srivatsan, 1988a).
Anti-Demodex Effect of Commercial Eyelid Hygiene Products
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2021
When examining similar studies on this subject, the study of Tighe et al.13 draws attention. In this study, T4O was found to be the strongest component in TTO, followed by a-terpineol, 1,8-cineole, and sabinene. Moreover, T4O was found to be more effective than TTO at equivalent concentrations. The killing effect of T4O was observed even at a concentration of only 1%. It was found to have a significant synergistic effect with Terpinolene, but an antagonistic effect was observed with α-terpineol. This study also emphasized that using T4O alone in Demodex treatment is more effective in preventing antagonistic effects than other substances in the TTO content. In fact, the most important point that draws our attention in this study is that when the concentration of all active substances including TTO, except T4O, falls below 10%, Demodex killing time goes up to 150 min or more. In order to reduce both cost and potential toxic effects, eye cleaning wipes and solutions available in the market contain active ingredients at a concentration below 10%. Thus, it is highly doubtful how much anti-Demodex activity will be for those with ingredients other than T4O. Our study highly supports this situation.
Chemical composition and insecticidal activities of the essential oils and various extracts of two Thymus species: Thymus cariensis and Thymus cilicicus
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Selçuk Küçükaydın, Gülsen Tel-Çayan, Mehmet Emin Duru, Memiş Kesdek, Mehmet Öztürk
Thymus cariensis is endemic and growing naturally in Turkey. According to our literature survey, there is only one chemical report on its essential oil (Baser et al.1992). Thymus cilicicus is endemic to Turkey, Syria, and East Aegean Islands (Gürdal and Kültür 2013). Essential oil compositions of T. cilicicus have been previously reported, and α-terpineol (16.4%) and camphor (9.7%) were found as major compounds (Akgül et al.1999). In addition to that, antimicrobial activity by using the disc diffusion method (Sarac and Ugur 2008) and antioxidant activity with DPPH free radical scavenging method of essential oil of T. cilicicus have been investigated before (Azaz and Celen 2012). Ahmed and Al-Howiriny (2007) have been isolated two new chalcone derivatives from aerial parts of T. cilicicus.
Chiral 4-O-acylterpineol as transdermal permeation enhancers: insights of the enhancement mechanisms of a transdermal enantioselective delivery system for flurbiprofen
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
Tianzhe Chu, Chunyan Wang, Jing Wang, Heping Wang, Dandan Geng, Chensi Wu, Linlin Zhao, Ligang Zhao
Compared with other kinds of enhancers, 4-terpineol (4-TER), a natural cyclic terpene with a double bond, was more effective for delivering drugs through the skin. (Herman and Herman, 2015). However, the practical application of 4-TER in TDDS would be restricted by its volatile and undesirable odor. The aim of the present research was to develop new types of 4-O-acylterpineol derivatives to enhance transdermal delivery flurbiprofen (FP) racemate and its enantiomers more effectively through the skin.