China
Africa
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Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Dwarf pine oil (synonym: mountain pine oil) is obtained from the needles and twigs of the dwarf mountain pine. It has been used to treat acute and chronic respiratory diseases by steam or cold inhalation. It is also added to bath oils and may be used as air freshener (13). Dwarf pine oil is considered a dermal irritant and sensitizer (from its high δ3-carene content, air-oxidized chemicals which are important allergens in some turpentine oils) and is therefore not used in aromatherapy (1,2).
Pyrethroid based pesticides – chemical and biological aspects
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2021
Anandha Rao Ravula, Suresh Yenugu
These are also referred to as biopesticides and a variety of them such as botanically derived compounds, antibiotics from microbes, pheromones of insects, microbial organisms, entomophagous nematodes, etc (Copping and Menn 2000). The most popular among them are of botanical origin that include crude extracts or purified compounds derived from different plants. Botanical pesticides have been used for centuries to protect stored food items, repelling household pests and also as fragrances (Isman 2006). Pyrethrum, azadirachtin nicotine, sabadilla, ryania, fluoroacetate, carboxin and Cry proteins of B. thuringiensis are used as insecticides (Oguh et al. 2019), whereas laminarine, fennel oil, lecithine are known to exhibit fungicidal properties. Citronella and pine oil derived products are used as repellents and herbicides, respectively (Isman 2006). Thus, plant protection products (PPPs) based on botanicals were developed to serve as pesticides. The target organ of the botanical based natural pesticides are diverse. The insecticides nicotine, sabadilla and pyrethrum act on the nerve cells, rotenone targets mitochondrial electron transport (Bomford and Isman 1996), ryania is a stomach poison (Oguh et al. 2019), azadirachtin is an inhibitor of the synthesis of ecdysteroids (Sieber and Rembold 1983), fluoroacetetate promotes citric acid accumulation (Clarke 1991), carboxin inhibits dehydrogenation of succinic acid to fumaric acid (Shievly and Mathre 1971). Biopesticides are known to have very low toxicity on mammalian physiology and are also cost effective and hence are increasingly being recognized throughout the world for plant protection in an eco-friendly manner.
Geospatial correlation between COVID-19 health misinformation and poisoning with household cleaners in the Greater Boston Area
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2021
Michael A. Chary, Daniel L. Overbeek, Alexandria Papadimoulis, Adina Sheroff, Michele M. Burns
We included all calls involving household cleaning products: ammonia-, bleach-, and borate-based cleaners, phenol, and pine oil. A call is classified as involving household cleaning products if the pharmacist or nurse (poison specialist) taking the call identifies a household cleaning product as an ingestant.