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Piroxicam
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Piroxicam is an oxicam derivative with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties. As a non-selective, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), piroxicam binds and chelates both isoforms of cyclooxygenases (COX1 and COX2), thereby stalling phospholipase A2 activity and conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin precursors. This results in inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis. As a second, independent effect, piroxicam inhibits the activation of neutrophils. Piroxicam is indicated for treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea and postoperative pain. It is also used in topical formulations for treating pain and swelling due to strains, sprains, backache or arthritis (1).
Drugs Affecting the Musculoskeletal System
Published in Radhwan Nidal Al-Zidan, Drugs in Pregnancy, 2020
Risk Summary: It is better to be avoided during the 1st and 3rd Trimesters because the pregnancy experience in humans suggests a risk of pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, SABs, and congenital malformations linked to the use of Piroxicam.
Confessions from an insider
Published in Peter C. Gøtzsche, Richard Smith, Drummond Rennie, Deadly Medicines and Organised Crime, 2019
Peter C. Gøtzsche, Richard Smith, Drummond Rennie
Pfizer’s marketing was very successful and completely untruthful, stating that piroxicam was more effective than aspirin and had a lower rate of gastrointestinal side effects than many other NSAIDs.22 The truth was the opposite: piroxicam had more fatal reactions and more fatal gastrointestinal side effects than other drugs. Nonetheless, the US and UK drug regulators protected Pfizer all along instead of protecting the patients, and Pfizer tried to dissuade the editors of the BMJ to publish a paper that concluded about the high incidence of severe ulcer disease with piroxicam.23 Pfizer even denied indisputable facts, e.g. that greater concentrations of an NSAID in the blood increase the risk of harms, and the company tried to get away with a ludicrous statement that the gastrointestinal toxicity to a large part was due to a local effect on the stomach rather than a systemic effect. Even if it had been correct, the harms inflicted on the patients would be the same. It is telling in relation to whether good or bad manners pay off that Pfizer became the largest drug company in the world.
Artificial intelligence-assisted development of in situ forming nanoparticles for arthritis therapy via intra-articular delivery
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Ahmed S. Yacoub, Hussein O. Ammar, Magdy Ibrahim, Suzan M. Mansour, Nada M. El Hoffy
As depicted in Figure 6, CFA-induced RA resulted in pronounced elevation in the serum levels of a) anti-CCP and b) MCP-1. Elevation of these biomarkers during RA is reported by many investigators (Zhang et al., 2019). On the contrary, once a week IA administration of the optimized formulation of piroxicam was accompanied by marked reduction in their levels by almost 54% and 73%, respectively. These findings may be explained due to the previously reported efficacy of piroxicam as an anti-inflammatory drug. Saini et. al. reported the significant drop in the expression of both anti-CCP and MCP-1 upon treatment with piroxicam (Saini et al., 2013). Moreover, the treatment with the drug free optimized formulation alone showed significant decrease in the level of MCP-1 only.
Pharmaceuticals agents for preventing NSAID-induced gastric ulcers: a patent review
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Daiane Franco Teixeira, Anamaria Mendonça Santos, Ana Maria Santos Oliveira, José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior, Luiza Abrahão Frank, Marilia Trindade De Santana Souza, Enilton Aparecido Camargo, Mairim Russo Serafini
Crawford and colleagues’ discovery [48] showed that using piroxicam with other drugs (acetaminophen, doxepin, pirbuterol, diazepam, fanetizole, trimazosin, and pyridoxine) was effective in reducing the gastrointestinal effects of NSAIDs. Male Sprague rats were used in a piroxicam-induced ulcer model, with the treatment (disodium 5ʹ-guanylate) being administered simultaneously. Six hours later, the animals were sacrificed, and the number of lesions per animal was compared with the control (piroxicam only). The group analyzed the number of injuries per animal and compared it to the control (only piroxicam). A gastrointestinal protective effect of the drugs used was observed. These results showed the possibility of using piroxicam in association with NSAIDs in this type of treatment.
Current developments in pharmacotherapy for actinic keratosis
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2018
Elena Campione, Alessandra Ventura, Laura Diluvio, Mauro Mazzeo, Sara Mazzilli, Virginia Garofalo, Monia Di Prete, Luca Bianchi
Piroxicam (PXM), an enolic benzothiazine and potent member of the oxicam series, suppresses the synthesis of proinflammatory enzymes, reducing lipid mediators, such as PGs and thromboxane (TXs), and also inhibits ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) induction, both pathways participating in carcinogenesis [81]. Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that is well established in treating rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and used for musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and postoperative pain. Its long half-life enables it to be administered once daily. As a non-selective NSAID, PXM binds and chelates both isoforms of cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 and -2, thereby stalling phospholipase A2 activity and the conversion of arachidonic acid into PG precursors at the rate limiting COX-enzyme step. This causes the inhibition of PG biosynthesis. As a second independent effect, PXM inhibits the activation of neutrophils thereby contributing to its overall anti-inflammatory effects, which allows a single daily administration.