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Antimicrobials during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Malathion should be used only after other safer alternatives have been used (such as mechanical louse extraction treatment or permethrin). Malathion use should be restricted to aqueous solution instead of alcohol solution to minimize absorption.
Candida and parasitic infection: Helminths, trichomoniasis, lice, scabies, and malaria
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Pediculosis capitis during pregnancy follows a similar course to nonpregnant adults so treatment prior to delivery is not required, but there is typically a desire to treat due to the itching and psychologic distress of carrying a parasite in a visible location. Permethrin is the drug of choice for treatment in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to the low systemic absorption (<2% of the applied dose) and rapid clearance (53). There was no teratogenicity noted in animal studies of permethrin and there are no controlled human trials so it is a pregnancy category B drug. Observational reviews of use in humans have not identified any increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (53). Permethrin use is considered to be compatible with use during breastfeeding due to the very low levels found in breastmilk. Malathion is also a pregnancy category B drug, but is typically not used in pregnancy or breastfeeding. Lindane and benzyl alcohol have been associated with abnormal neurodevelopment in animal teratogenicity studies (pregnancy category C) so should not be used in pregnancy unless absolutely necessary.
Paper 2
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
Permethrin 5% needs to be applied over the whole body and left for 8–12 hours before it is washed off. Malathion should be applied for 24 hours. Both are re-applied after a week. The whole household should be treated. The itch may benefit from a sedating antihistamine, e.g. chlorphenamine.
Vitamin B12 alleviates malathion-induced toxicity in zebra fish by regulating cytochrome P450 and PgP expressions
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2023
Subrata Karmakar, Poulami Sen Gupta, Sonali Bhattacharya, Arnab Sarkar, Ashikur Rahaman, Deba Prasad Mandal, Shamee Bhattacharjee
Analytical grade Malathion (purity 96%) was acquired from MP Biomedicals, USA. 1 mg of Malathion was dissolved in 1 ml of dissolved water and a stock solution was made. Vitamin B12 analogues were purchased from Alters biogenic PVT limited, India. For Vitamin B12 supplementation into the food, fish pellets were crushed. Vitamin B12 was dissolved in distilled water and crushed pellets were mixed with it. The paste was air dried and sieved to make normal pellet size. The effective vitamin B12 dose was 60 µg/kg food (Hansen et al. 2013). The fish were divided into Normal control group (Cont), fish given 100 µg/L of Malathion (Mala), fish given 60µg of Vitamin B12 (Vit B12)/kg food and combination group of both 100 µg/L of Malathion and 60µg of Vitamin B12 (Vit B12)/kg food (Mala + Vit B12). After 3 and 7 days of exposure, all fishes were tested for behavioral analysis. All experimental fish was euthanized by ice chilled water for 3 to 5 min and sacrificed to collect brain and liver tissue.
Removal of malathion insecticide from aqueous solution by the integration of persulfate process and magnetite nanoparticles loaded on carbon (Fe3O4@CNT) in the presence of ultraviolet radiation
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Malektaj Eskandari makvand, Sima Sabzalipour, Mahboobeh Cheraghia, Neda Orak
The use of pesticides plays a substantial role in the widespread control of weeds. In this regard, the organophosphate compounds are the largest and most diverse group of available pesticides, involving more than 50% of the world's registered pesticides. Certain pesticides can enter the air and then the surface of water and soil sources as rainfalls. Nowadays, a traditional pesticide named malathion has been employed to control weeds in farms (Köck-Schulmeyer et al.2013). Malathion, as one of the most widely used organophosphate toxins, has destructive effects on the human nervous system through its contact and digestive, smoking, and non-systemic properties. Regarding its low cost and optimal performance, it is one of the most prevalent substances to control weeds in the world.
Effect of sub-toxic exposure to Malathion on glucose uptake and insulin signaling in L6 myoblast derived myotubes
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Shrijana Shrestha, Vijay Kumar Singh, Sajib Kumar Sarkar, Balasubramanian Shanmugasundaram, Kadirvelu Jeevaratnam, Bidhan Chandra Koner
A stock solution of Malathion (1000 mg/l) was prepared in DMSO. Cells were treated with various concentrations of Malathion for cytotoxicity. The cells from the control group received vehicle (equal volume of DMSO). MTT (stock 1 mg/ml) was prepared in phosphate buffered saline. Cells were treated with different concentrations of the Malathion (1–1000 mg/l) for 18 hours. At the end of the treatment, 60 μL treated media were discarded from all micro-titer plate wells except from the blank, then 60 μl of MTT solution from stock solution was added (final concentration 0.3 mg/ml) and cells were incubated further for 3 hours. For the analysis, the medium was removed and formazan crystals were dissolved in DMSO (100 μl). The absorbance was measured at 570 nm using a microplate reader (Biorad 680 XR, CA, USA).