China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Herbal Management for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ademola Olabode Ayeleso, T. Jesse Joel, Sujogya Kumar Panda, The Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Huma Bader-Ul Ain, Farhan Saeed, Muhammad Umair Arshad, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
Wong et al., [152] investigated that dietary modification is an important tool in reducing and controlling weight, but it has no beneficial effects on hyperandrogenism. Post-prandial serum glucose, insulin concentration, serum triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol levels are unfavorably affected, and free androgen index is increased by high simple carbohydrate diets. Low glycemic index diets improve insulin sensitivity, regulate the menstrual cycle, increase the HDL-cholesterol concentration [91], reduce the body mass as well as its maintenance, decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease development, endometrial cancer development indirectly by lowering BMI, fibrinogen, hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenemia, and total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in PCOS women and improve the quality of life [21, 106], frequent restoration of regular menses and have favorable effect on the lipid profile [92].
Menstrual-Cycle-Related Disorders
Published in Jane M. Ussher, Joan C. Chrisler, Janette Perz, Routledge International Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2019
Nancy Fugate Woods, Nancy J. Kenney
In women, androgens are produced in the adrenal cortex, adipose tissue, and skin, as well as the ovaries. Androgen can be converted from precursors in peripheral tissues (e.g., androstenedione, which is produced in the ovarian theca cells and the adrenal cortex) (Pasquali & Gambineri, 2018). Androgen excess is assessed by measuring total testosterone, but recent evidence supports the importance of considering delta-4-androstenedione, free androgen index (FAI), and 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone because of their role in predicting metabolic risk. The adrenals produce androgens, and they also contribute to hyperandrogenemia: 11-oxygenated C-19 steroid metabolism products are significantly greater in women with PCOS than in other women, and these may play an important role in metabolic risk. Moreover, women with normal levels of total testosterone who have ovarian dysfunction (OD-PCOm – PCO morphology) phenotype may have elevated delta-4-androstenedione or free androgen index (Pasquali, 2018).
Female Sexual Desire
Published in Philipa A Brough, Margaret Denman, Introduction to Psychosexual Medicine, 2019
The amount of available oestrogen and testosterone in the bloodstream that can have a clinical effect is dependent on the amount of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) made in the liver. This protein binds to the sex hormones rendering them inactive, so directly affects activity. Oestrogens increase the amount of SHBG that is made, and testosterone decreases it. Giving oestrogen alone will therefore decrease available testosterone even further. Decreased active testosterone will directly decrease sexual desire. This is especially seen with oral oestrogens that are metabolised in the liver. This is best assessed in practical terms by a blood test including oestradiol and free androgen index. In many women oestrogens and androgens need to be given together to achieve a physiological balance.
The potential role of GLP-1 receptor agonist targeting in fertility-sparing treatment in obese patients with endometrial malignant pathology: a call for research
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2023
Caroline J. Violette, Ravi Agarwal, Rachel S. Mandelbaum, José L. González, Kurt M. Hong, Lynda D. Roman, Maximilan Klar, Jason D. Wright, Richard J. Paulson, Andreas Obermair, Koji Matsuo
Several clinical trials investigating the impact of GLP-1RAs related to the current topic are ongoing. One prospective trial is examining the combination effect of GLP-1RA with liraglutide and systemic progestin therapy with megestrol acetate comparing to megestrol acetate alone for non-diabetic patients with EIN and BMI of ≥28 kg/m2 (NCT04683237; currently patient accrual status). The primary outcome is 28-week pathological complete response. While this investigates a different type of GLP-1RA and progestin route, the results of this trial may suggest a possible anti-tumor effect of GLP-1RA targeting in the treatment of malignant endometrial pathology. A separate upcoming clinical trial will compare the effects of semaglutide versus metformin on weight loss in obese patients with PCOS over a 28-week treatment period (NCT05646199). In addition to change in weight from baseline, researchers plan to examine free androgen index, changes in blood pressure and changes in glucose tolerance.
The frequency of TLR2 (rs3804099, rs3804100, and rs5743708) and TLR4 (rs4986790 and rs4986791) polymorphisms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome – preliminary study
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Justyna Kuliczkowska-Płaksej, Maja Jończyk, Aleksandra Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska, Barbara Stachowska, Agnieszka Zembska, Jędrzej Grzegrzółka, Marek Bolanowski
All patients underwent anamnesis and physical examination including transvaginal ultrasonography. Anthropometric parameters (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences) were measured in all women. BMI was calculated as the ratio of weight (kg) to height squared (m2). Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was calculated as the ratio of waist circumference (cm) to hip circumferences (cm). Abdominal obesity was diagnosed when WHR was equal to or greater than 0.85. Venous blood samples (15 ml) were collected from the women in the follicular phase, between 3 and 7 day of the menstrual cycle. The separated serum was stored at −70 °C until assayed. Biochemical measurements included: fasting glucose and insulin, 2-h blood glucose and insulin level after glucose load (OGTT), lipid and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels, and hormonal measurements: total testosterone (T), androstenedione, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The free androgen index (FAI) and indirect IR indices (HOMA-IR, QUICKI, Matsuda) were calculated based on the tests results.
Indicator of early kidney injury in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome: Can urine NGAL level be?
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Serap Karaman, Enis Sabancıoğulları, Erbil Karaman, Murat Başaranoğlu, Mecnun Çetin, Kamuran Karaman
The biochemical parameters were examined after 8 h of the fasting period. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 1,4 androstenodione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS), total testosterone, prolactin, 17 hydroxyprogesterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and insulin were studied in both groups. The hormone levels were measured at the day 3–5 of the menstrual cycle. The free androgen index was calculated from the ratio of total testosterone and sex hormone- binding globulin. Dyslipidemia was defined as having at least one of the following four criteria; LDL >110 mg/dL, HDL <35 mg/dL, TG >150 mg/dL and total cholesterol >170 mg/dL [11]. Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated using formula [fasting mg/dl x fasting insulin mIU/ml]/405 and the value above 2.7 was accepted as IR [12]. All patients had pelvic ultrasonography at the 3–5 day of menstrual cycle. While routine examinations were done from both groups, 2 cc urine was taken from the second urine in the morning for NGAL level. The urine taken was centrifuged for 10 min at 4000 rpm and transferred to the ependorph tube. It was stored at −80 degrees. NGAL levels were studied according to the instructions of the manufacturer company prospectively using BioTek ELx800 brand ELISA reader using Eastbiopharm brand (Cat. No. CK-E10253/Cat. No: CKE10685) ELISA kit.