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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Endometriosis, and Female Infertility
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Mahima Gulati, Joy Brotherton, Jill Chasse
Women’s reproductive and hormonal disorders including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and female infertility are increasing in prevalence. They parallel the increasing rates of obesity, overconsumption of ultra-processed foods, sedentary behavior, sleep deprivation, stress, opioid use, and social isolation.
The female reproductive system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Anovulatory cycles typically occur at the menarche and around the menopause (perimenopausal bleeding). Failure of ovulation leads to continued endometrial proliferation. Withdrawal bleeding then occurs either when the endometrium becomes too thick to be supported by its blood supply, or as a result of fluctuation in oestrogen levels. If ovulation continually fails to occur, then endometrial proliferation may be marked, leading to simple hyperplasia (hyperplasia without atypia) of the endometrium and, in some patients, atypical hyperplasia and invasive carcinoma. This is particularly true in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), one of the hallmarks of which is failure of ovulation. In another group of patients, ovulation occurs but the secretory phase is abnormal. This may take the form of a coordinated delay in secretory transformation, asynchrony between glands and stroma, and, perhaps most commonly, irregular ripening when only some glands develop secretory changes. Various physiological defects – both ovarian and endometrial – are involved in this group of abnormalities. Irregular shedding occurs when fragments of endometrium do not shed during menstruation but persist into the next cycle.
New Understanding of the Nature and Causes of Major Depression
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
It has long been known that a disproportionately large percentage of individuals with diabetes suffer MDD. The prevalence of MDD among diabetics, regardless of it being Type I or Type II, is roughly three times that seen in the general population. Some of this may simply be due to the difficulties of suffering a stressful chronic illness. However, there is a strong relationship between insulin resistance, per se, and MDD.60 Insulin resistance is four times more likely to occur in individuals with MDD than in those not suffering this illness.61 Certain illnesses, such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), are characterized as often including both MDD and insulin-resistance.62
Isorhamnetin inhibits inflammatory response to alleviate DHEA-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2023
Fei Yu, Yanfeng Xue, Yunyan Zhao, Long Zhang, Xiao He, Zheng Liu
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is clinically manifested by polycystic ovary, abnormal ovulation, and hyperandrogenemia; and is often accompanied by increased risk of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes [1–3]. PCOS is a common endocrine disease in women of childbearing age with an incidence of about 10% [1,4]. At present, oral contraceptive [5], letrozole [6], and clomiphene are the main treatments for PCOS to induce ovulation, regulate menstrual cycle, reduce insulin resistance and reduce serum androgen levels [7]. However, existing drug treatments may cause adverse reactions such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, allergic dermatitis, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, and gastrointestinal side effects [8,9]. Thus, it is urgent to search new drug for PCOS treatment.
Protective effect of wuzibushen recipe on follicular development via regulating androgen receptor in polycystic ovary syndrome model rats
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2023
Lanyawen Hu, Yan Liu, Panpan Dong, Ping Ye
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the frequent causes of infertility in females with an incidence of about 6–21% [1]. Excessive androgen, polycystic ovaries, and disordered ovulation are the most prominent features of PCOS [2]. The adrenal gland and the ovaries of PCOS women produce excessive androgen, which will suppress the maturation of oocytes, arrest the growth of follicles, reduce the synthesis of estrogen, and then lead to disordered ovulation [3]. At present, there are some drugs for treating excessive androgen, whereas most of the drugs have several side effects, such as long half-life, obviously difference between ovulation and pregnancy rates, high ovulation failure rate and expensive [4]. The precise etiology of PCOS is still unclear, even though PCOS has been discovered a long time. Studies have shown that most PCOS females have abnormal follicular development [2,3]. Accumulating evidence suggests that follicular development is vital in the development and progression of PCOS. Thus, preventing abnormal follicular development may be a promising way to alleviate PCOS.
IMPROVE lifestyle in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic strategy
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Lifestyle is regarded as a first-line therapy to manage reproductive and metabolic outcomes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) [1]. Although studies investigating adherence to advice on lifestyle are of poor quality and short-lasting [2–4], adherence appears to be rather low [2–4]. Psychological disturbances, such as anxiety or depression, though under-recognized, seem to affect 28%–64% of women with PCOS [5,6], and less than 5% of these women are satisfied with the counseling they receive [6]. In this paper we propose a strategy used in our clinical practice to help PCOS patients better adhere to lifestyle recommendations. Evidence supporting this strategy, was searched in Medline using the following key words: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); lifestyle; counseling; adherence; exercise; body weight; diet; fertility; infertility.