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Overview of Traditional Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment for Women-Associated Cancers
Published in Shazia Rashid, Ankur Saxena, Sabia Rashid, Latest Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Women-Associated Cancers, 2022
Malika Ranjan, Namyaa Kumar, Safiya Arfi, Shazia Rashid
Endometrial cancer is cancer that arises in the layer of cells that form the lining (endometrium) of the uterus. Most uterine cancers are endometrial cancers and the women of all ages (especially with PCOS) are at risk of endometrial cancer, however, its incidence is high after menopause. Risk factors include family history, diabetes mellitus, endometrial hyperplasia (have a 1%–3% chance of progressing to endometrial cancer) and Lynch syndrome among many others [16].
Cancer
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Uterine cancer is also known as endometrial cancer. It originates from the glandular epithelium of the uterus. It is the most common gynecological cancer, and occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life. Uterine cancer is diagnosed via biopsy and occurs most often in developed countries that have high-fat diets. In a variety of studies, diabetes has been linked to higher risk for uterine cancer, but there has been some controversy over this relationship.
DRCPG MCQs for Circuit A Answers
Published in Una F. Coales, DRCOG: Practice MCQs and OSCEs: How to Pass First Time three Complete MCQ Practice Exams (180 MCQs) Three Complete OSCE Practice Papers (60 Questions) Detailed Answers and Tips, 2020
Risk factors for endometrial cancer include nulliparity, late menopause, diabetes, history of unopposed oestrogen administration, oestrogen-secreting tumours of the ovaries and obesity. Premann is a form of unopposed oestrogen HRT and should only be administered to women post-hysterectomy.
Comprehensive Assessment of ERα, PR, Ki67, P53 to Predict the Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in Low-Risk Endometrial Cancer
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2023
Yuzhen Huang, Peng Jiang, Wei Kong, Yuan Tu, Ning Li, Jinyu Wang, Qian Zhou, Rui Yuan
Endometrial cancer is a common malignant cancer in women, especially for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The incidence of endometrial cancer is growing in both developed and underdeveloped regions. With changes in fertility concept and economic development, the incidence in East Asia and South Asia showed a rapid growth trend [1]. According to the recommendations of the international guidelines [2], low-risk patients (low- and medium-grade endometrial cancer, without deep muscle infiltration, which means infiltration depth was less than 1/2, or cervical stromal infiltration) usually did not undergo lymph node resection (including lymph node biopsy, pelvic lymph node dissection, and para-aortic lymph node dissection). However, lymph node metastasis had already occurred in some of these patients [3]. Biopsy of sentinel lymph node has been generally proven to be effectual [4, 5], but its low sensitivity may lead to missing out some patients with lymph node metastasis [3]. The occurrence of lymph node metastasis without proper treatment will result in increasing risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. However, patients who had undergone lymph node resection (including lymph node biopsy, pelvic and para-aortic lymph node ressection) would probably have lower limb lymphedema [6], urinary incontinence [7], and other complications after surgery. Accurately determining whether a patient needs lymph node resection will strongly influence the survival and life quality of patient with endometrial cancer after surgery.
What role does adjuvant therapy play in the management of endometrial cancer?
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Gloria Shining Huang, Joan Tymon-Rosario, Alessandro D. Santin
Endometrial cancer is an increasingly common malignancy in women worldwide. The incidence of endometrial cancer has risen significantly in the past two decades [1]. Women in the United States have an estimated lifetime risk of developing endometrial cancer of 3.1%. The mortality rate due to endometrial cancer has increased at a higher rate than the incidence; unfortunately, the average percentage increase in endometrial cancer deaths in the past decade is the highest among all female cancers. Surgical management, consisting of hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and lymph node evaluation, remains the initial treatment for most patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer. Following surgery, the risk of cancer recurrence and death varies based on clinical, pathological, and molecular factors. The role of adjuvant therapy in endometrial cancer is to reduce the risk of disease recurrence and mortality more effectively than surgery alone. Herein, we review the historical trials, which established the utility of adjuvant therapy in subgroups defined by clinical and pathological factors and discuss the current paradigm shift in contemporary clinical trials toward precision adjuvant therapy based on molecular/genetic features.
Sociodemographic predictors of endometrial cancer mortality in South Africa (1997 to 2015): a case-control study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Adebukola I. Ewuola, Gbenga Olorunfemi, Julian Q. Mthombeni
The pathophysiology of endometrial cancer is multi-factorial. However, the key aetiology is chronic excessive unopposed action of oestrogen on the uterine endometrium. Common risk factors of endometrial cancer include obesity, early menarche, late menopause, advanced age, and some genetic predisposition such as Lynch syndrome and Cowden syndrome (Kumar et al. 2014). While most studies have focussed on the risk factor for the incidence, few have evaluated the risk factor for the mortality of endometrial cancer (Brüggmann et al. 2020). Although, South Africa currently has national cancer control programs for breast (National Department of Health 2017a) and cervical cancer (National Department of Health, 2017 b), there is no national cancer control guideline for endometrial cancer. This study therefore evaluates the socio-demographic risk factors of mortality from endometrial cancer as compared to death from other cancers among South African women from 1997 to 2015. The result from this study will contribute to evidence for designing an endometrial cancer control program in the country.