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Flavonoids with Preclinical Antidepressant-Like Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Chrysin is a flavone that can be isolated from skullcap and chamomile. This flavone attenuated the depression-like effect of chronic unpredictable stress in mice. Part of this effect was due to restoration of levels of BDNF and NGF in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.19 Chrysin also reversed the depression-like effects of olfactory bulbectomy in mice. The treatment reduced the elevated levels of TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Also noted was that olfactory bulbectomy increased indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity, with resulting increases in kynurenine, both of which were reduced by chrysin. At the same time, levels of serotonin and BDNF were elevated back towards normal.20
Polyphenols and Cancer Immunology
Published in Spyridon E. Kintzios, Maria G. Barberaki, Evangelia A. Flampouri, Plants That Fight Cancer, 2019
One example that illustrates this claim well is the activity of chrysin (5,7-di-OH flavone). This is a natural flavonoid which has been identified as a regulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Chrysin significantly limits the number of infiltrating macrophages and induces the M2 phenotype, which on the one hand expresses anti-inflammatory properties but on the other may promote tumor growth, as is the case with TAMs, which are mainly of the M2 phenotype (Feng et al. 2016). This polyphenol may thus regulate the M1/M2 status not necessarily to the benefit of the patient and may limit the anti-tumor immunity or, under certain circumstances, even lead to the development of the disease. A similar effect has been observed for 5,7,3¢,4¢,5¢-pentamethoxyflavone (PMFA) which facilitates phenotype shift from M1 to M2 by regulating STAT1/STAT6 signaling. On the other hand, chrysin and PMFA reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) and in this way can limit the development of cancer, which is described as a typical inflammatory disease (Feng et al. 2014, Feng et al. 2016). Moreover, a synthetic analog of chrysin, 8-bromo-7-methoxychrisin (BrMC), has been found to reverse M2 macrophage polarization through inhibition of the NF-κB factor, suppression of cytokine secretion by these cells, and suppression of the CD163 marker, characteristic of cells originating from the monocyte/macrophage lineage (Sun et al. 2017). It has also been found that chrysin may enhance the cytotoxic and anti-tumor activity of NK cells (Lin et al. 2012).
Phytotherapeutic Agents in Epilepsy
Published in Vikas Kumar, Addepalli Veeranjaneyulu, Herbs for Diabetes and Neurological Disease Management, 2018
Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid compound identified in Passiflora coerulea L. Chrysin prevents the expression of tonic–clonic seizures induced by PTZ and FLU, a central BZD receptor antagonist abolishes this effect suggesting the involvement of GABAergic mechanisms in the expression of its anticonvulsant effect.
Protective effect of chrysin, a flavonoid, on the genotoxic activity of carboplatin in mice
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Basit L. Jan, Ajaz Ahmad, Altaf Khan, Muneeb U. Rehman, Khalid M. Alkharfy
Chrysin (CH), a natural flavonoid, is found in honey, propolis, and several other plant extracts such as blue passion flower (Passifloracaerulea) (Gao et al. 2013). Multiple studies have revealed the anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antiestrogenic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties of chrysin (Shin et al. 2009, Kasala et al. 2015, Razavi-Azarkhiavi et al. 2016). Natural products have received a lot of recognition recently for being rich sources of pharmacologically active compounds and are playing a significant role in the production of new therapeutic agents. A large number of molecules possessing antioxidant and free radical scavenging ability have been derived from plants (Li et al. 2015). The potent antioxidant characteristic of flavonoids may be their most significant feature. Flavonoids exhibit their antioxidant activity by different mechanisms like scavenging free radicals or inhibition of the enzymes responsible for free-radical generation (Pushpavalli et al. 2010). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine if chrysin can mitigate carboplatin induced genotoxicity in BALB/c mice.
Toxicological evaluation of a flavonoid, chrysin: morphological, behavioral, biochemical and histopathological assessments in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
Wei Yao, Junmei Cheng, Amit D. Kandhare, Anwesha A. Mukherjee-Kandhare, Subhash L. Bodhankar, Gang Lu
In conclusion the results of acute oral toxicity study indicated that the calculated LD50 with confidence intervals value for the chrysin was 4350 mg/kg. Further, since the oral dose of chrysin (1000 mg/kg) administered for 90-days produced alteration in biochemical, hematological and histopathological signs of toxicity in liver and kidney, it can be ascertained that the no-observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) of chrysin was 500 mg/kg and lowest-observed adverse effect levels (LOAEL) was 1000 mg/kg for both sexes. Results of the present investigation will help in future clinical studies of the medicinal safety and in-vivo experimental studies of the pharmacological potentialities of this mode of administration of chrysin. Since toxicity in humans cannot always be entirely extrapolated from animal studies, clinical evaluation should be performed to precisely define the safe dosage to advise in humans. For a more reliable safety evaluation performed on the basis of the acceptable daily intake concept, data on the chronic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of chrysin would also be required.
Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of amino acid modified magnetic nanoparticles: drug delivery and MRI contrast agent applications
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2018
Hamed Nosrati, Marziyeh Salehiabar, Zahra Bagheri, Hamid Rashidzadeh, Soodabeh Davaran, Hossein Danafar
Fortunately, there are more than 100 natural products in clinical studies which deal with anticancer activity. Flavonoids, materials are existed from plants and fruits, broadly used as anti-cancer drugs (Mirmasoumi et al. 2013; Mirzaee et al. 2016). However, restriction of water solubility is serious in medical and pharmaceutical applications (Zheng et al. 2014; Cristescu et al. 2016). Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is extracted natural flavonoid from medicinal herbs (Babu et al. 2006) which possesses many biological activities and acts as protective effects on various organs namely liver, kidney, and colon (Tahir and Sultana 2011; Khan et al. 2012; Sultana et al. 2012). Chrysin has anti-inflammatory (García-Lafuente et al. 2009), antioxidant, anti-aging (Anand et al. 2012), immunomodulatory and anticancer properties (Chen et al. 2012).