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Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Spirituality in Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Erminia Guarneri, Shyamia Stone
Passiflora incarnata or passionflower has been used for hundreds of years and considered an acceptable treatment for restlessness and nervousness. It has been studied in comparison to benzodiazepines for the treatment of chronic anxiety, and one study showed passionflower to be as effective as benzodiazepines in managing symptoms of anxiety.134 Perhaps the greatest differences noted were that benzodiazepines had a faster onset, and passionflower did not incite the adverse effect of performance impairment found with benzodiazepines.134 There are few adverse effects that are rarely noted with passionflower, but they may include dizziness, drowsiness, and confusion.119
Choosing Herbal Treatments
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
In Iran and other parts of the Middle East, Passiflora incarnata has long been used as a folk remedy for anxiety. In a double‐blind randomized trial, extract of Passiflora incarnata was as effective as oxazepam in the treatment of patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder using DSM-IV criteria. Although oxazepam showed a more rapid onset of action, it caused more impairment of job performance than did the herb.65 Extract of the herb also alleviated pre-operative anxiety in surgical patients without affecting psychomotor motor performance.66 Along with anxiolytic effects, Passiflora incarnata also relieves insomnia. In a placebo-controlled study, tea made from the herb improved self-reported sleep quality, and this finding was verified by polysomnography.67
Vitexin: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Significance
Published in V. R. Mohan, A. Doss, P. S. Tresina, Ethnomedicinal Plants with Therapeutic Properties, 2019
Flavonoids are one of the most important and diverse phenolic groups distributed in the plant kingdom. Structurally, they have a characteristic C6C3C6 core biosynthesized from shikimic acid and acetic acid pathway. Changes to the central ring leads to the formation of subclasses such aschalcones, flavanones, flavonoids, flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanidins (Cook and Samman 1996; Rosa et al., 2016). Among these compounds, apigenin glycoside flavone identified as vitexin (8-β-D-glucopyranosyl-apigenin), originally isolated from Vitex lucens Kirk (formerly Vitex littoralis), stands out as an important secondary plants metabolites, such as Crataegus spp. (Edwards et al. 2012) and Vitex agnus-castus L. (Hajdú et al. 2007). Apart from its medicinal relevance, vitexin is also used as a marker of flavonoids contents in a variety of phytomedicines (Urbonavičiūtė et al., 2006), like Passiflora spp.-based phytopharmaceuticals products, such as Passiflora incarnata L. and Passiflora foetida L., among others (Pongpan et al., 2007).
Vitexin as an active ingredient in passion flower with potential as an agent for nicotine cessation: vitexin antagonism of the expression of nicotine locomotor sensitization in rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Samantha Bedell, Jacob Wells, Qinfeng Liu, Chris Breivogel
Preparations of passion flower [Passiflora incarnata Linn. (Passifloraceae)] have been used in traditional and herbal medicines to treat anxiety, insomnia and seizures, but controlled clinical studies of passion flower extract for these indications are limited (Werneke et al. 2006). Passion flower extract has been examined in double-blind studies and shown to treat generalized anxiety disorder similar to oxazepram (Akhondzadeh et al. 2001), to help patients through opiate withdrawal (Akhondzadeh et al. 2001), and to alleviate pre-surgical anxiety (Movafegh et al. 2008). In laboratory rodents, passion flower extract or single chemical constituents of passion flower have been shown to be sedative and anxiolytic (Soulimani et al. 1997; Zanoli et al. 2000; Krenn 2002) or anticonvulsant (Nassiri-Asl et al. 2007). Moreover, several studies in laboratory rodents have demonstrated that whole extracts or an undisclosed benzoflavone moiety from passion flower are anxiolytic, antitussive and aphrodisiac (Dhawan et al. 2001, 2002). The same investigators (Dhawan et al. 2004) also showed that the benzoflavone compound, when given together with the addictive agent during the development of dependence, reduced the symptoms of antagonist-precipitated withdrawal to morphine, alcohol, nicotine, diazepam and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
Effects and mechanisms of natural plant active compounds for the treatment of osteoclast-mediated bone destructive diseases
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Qiang Xu, Zhiyou Cao, JiaQiang Xu, Min Dai, Bin Zhang, Qi Lai, Xuqiang Liu
Harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid present in Peganum harmala and Passiflora incarnata, inhibits osteoclastogenesis by downregulating RANKL-induced c-Fos, NFATc1, TRAP, c-Src, V-ATPase d2, and CTSK expression [117]. Additionally, by suppressing the expression of NFATc1, it interferes with the function of dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A in RAW 264.7 cells and BMMs [138]. It also decreases the expression of binding/differentiation-2 (Id2) protein to inhibit signalling pathways associated with cell fusion during osteoclastogenesis.