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Ethnomedicinal Plants of North Eastern Himalayan Region of India to Combat Hypertension
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Pintubala Kshetri, K. Tamreihao, Subhra Saikat Roy, Thangjam Surchandra Singh, Susheel Kumar Sharma, Meraj Alam Ansari
Andrographolide is the bioactive phytoconstituent isolated from various parts of Andrographis paniculata. It exhibits anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties (Chen et al., 2014; Jayakumar, 2013). Yoopan et al. (2007) studied the effects of three active diterpenoids viz., andrographolide (AP1), 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide (AP3) and neoandrographolide on BP, vascular, and chronotropic responses by using conscious rats and their isolated Arotas as test model. They found that AP3 was most effective for inducing vasorelaxation and retarding heart rate and had a greater hypotensive effect in conscious rats than the AP1. Their result suggests that vascular muscle is the major site of hypotensive effect of AP3. Similarly, Mali et al. (2017) also showed that application of andrographolide loaded scleroglucan based formulation inhaler in rat increased lung deposition of andrographolide powder in lung and pulmonary antihypertensive activity.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Traditional Chinese Medicines
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Roheena Abdullah, Ayesha Toor, Hina Qaiser, Afshan Kaleem, Mehwish Iqtedar, Tehreema Iftikhar, Muhammad Riaz, Dou Deqiang
Xiyanping injection is involved in curing cough, detoxification, soothing away fever and dysentery. Clinically Xiyanping injection is used in TCM for treating bacterial diseases, bronchitis, and tonsillitis [21]. Xiyanping injection contains Andrographis Herba [34]. Andrographolide compound is the active compound of the herb in xiyanping injection that acts as antipyretic and anti-inflammatory. A diterpene bicycle ring and a γ lactone ring together form andrographolide and the structural double bonds determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the injection. An experiment involving treatment of various influenza viruses by administering andrographolide compound proved that its activity could reduce inflammatory cytokine expression, reduce viral load, lessen viral load, lessen pathological changes in lungs, inhibit apoptosis and increase survival rate of infected [21].
Andrographis paniculata (Creat or Green Chiretta) and Bacopa monnieri (Water Hyssop)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Pankaj Mundada, Swati Gurme, Suchita Jadhav, Devashree Patil, Nitin Gore, Sumaiya Shaikh, Abhinav Mali, Suraj Umdale, Mahendra Ahire
Andrographis paniculata was screened for various active constituents (andrographolide, flavones, lactones) using routine chemical identification methods. Among them, andrographolide is the main constituent, and it is also an active principle of the plant (Shirisha and Mastan, 2013). Active compounds extracted with ethanol or methanol from the whole plant, leaf, and stem include over 20 diterpenoids and over ten flavonoids. Andrographolide is the major diterpenoid in A. paniculata, making up about 4%, 0.8–1.2% and 0.5–6% in dried whole plant, stem, and leaf extracts, respectively. The other main diterpenoids are deoxyandrographolide, neoandrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographide, and isoandrographolide (Chao and Lin, 2010). Some known constituents are: 14-Deoxy-11-dehydroandrographolide, 14-Deoxy-11-oxoandrographolide, 5-Hydroxy-7,8,2',3'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-Hydroxy-7,8,2'-trimethoxyflavone, andrographan, andrographon, andrographine, andrographiside, andrographosterin, deoxyandrographiside, homoandrographolide, panicoline, paniculide-A, paniculide-B, paniculide-C, and stigmasterol (Jalal et al., 1979; Zhang et al., 2006; Xu et al., 2012; Hossain et al., 2014).
Recent advances towards natural plants as potential inhibitors of SARS-Cov-2 targets
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Zhouman He, Jia Yuan, Yuanwen Zhang, Runfeng Li, Meilan Mo, Yutao Wang, Huihui Ti
Andrographolide, a natural antibiotic drug, is a diterpenoid lactone extracted from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees (Acanthaceae). It has been proven to possess anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiobesity, and anti-diabetes activities (Dai et al. 2019). Sa-Ngiamsuntorn et al. (2021) found that the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in CALU-3 cells was inhibited by andrographolide in a dose-dependent manner, and the inhibitory activity of andrographolide was equivalent to that of the positive control remdesivir, with an IC50 of 0.034 μmol/L. Andrographolide might participate in inhibiting many stages of the virus life cycle, such as virus entry, RNA replication, and protein synthesis, with a particularly stronger interference effect on the later stage of the virus life cycle. After predicting the toxicity of andrographolide, Enmozhi et al. (2021) found that andrographolide was a safe molecule with no obvious adverse reactions and low toxicity. In addition, andrographolide also shows a significant affinity for the S protein, which might achieve an antiviral effect by restricting the entry of the virus into host cells (Maurya et al. 2020).
Multi-functional chitosan copolymer modified nanocrystals as oral andrographolide delivery systems for enhanced bioavailability and anti-inflammatory efficacy
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Wan Liu, Meng Cheng, Zhiyang Lu, Haocheng Li, Yulin Feng, Yi Jin, Shilin Yang, Jianfang Feng, Liangxing Tu
Inflammation and inflammation related diseases are threatening the health of human beings (He et al., 2020; Methenitis et al., 2021), and andrographolide, one of the major diterpenoid extracted from ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA, is widely used as an anti-inflammatory reagent in China (Tran et al., 2020; Magar et al., 2023). The modern pharmacological studies showed andrographolide has a variety of pharmacological activities, for example anti-inflammatory (Hussain et al., 2022), anti-cancer (Khan et al., 2018), anti-oxidative effects (Wang et al., 2021), anti-thrombosis (Li et al., 2021), inhibiting virus (Latif & Wang, 2020), anti-asthma (Lim et al., 2021), and anti-bacteria (Zhang et al., 2021). However, the clinical application of andrographolide is limited because of its poor water solubility and low bioavailability (Casamonti et al., 2019), and how to improve the oral bioavailability of poor soluble drugs like andrographolide has become a research focus in pharmaceutical field (Zafar et al., 2021).
The antithrombosis effect of dehydroandrographolide succinate: in vitro and in vivo studies
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Bowen Yin, Shuhua Zhang, Yuxi Huang, Yuanzhu Long, Yiguo Chen, Shiyun Zhao, Aiqun Zhou, Minghua Cao, Xiaoming Yin, Daya Luo
Moreover, andrographolide is insoluble in water and not easily absorbed, leading to a decrease in its bioavailability. DAS, a derivative of andrographolide that is refined by esterification, dehydration and salification of andrographolide and finally refined into potassium sodium dehydroandroandrographolide succinate, has a much higher absorption efficiency than andrographolide. Compared with andrographolide, this derivative is less likely to cause cytotoxicity and is safer to use. At present, DAS and its similar diterpene lactones are mainly used in the clinical treatment of respiratory tract infection and virus-induced fever (Reddy et al. 2005; Wiart et al. 2005; Wintachai et al. 2015; Peng et al. 2016; Tan et al. 2017), as a vasorelaxant (Yoopan et al. 2007) and to treat other diseases. Therefore, in this paper, by testing human blood in vitro and rats in vivo, we analysed the effect of DAS on primary and secondary hemostasis of the coagulation system and its underlying mechanism to provide theoretical support for its clinical application.