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Terpenes: A Source of Novel Antimicrobials, Applications and Recent Advances
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Nawal M. Al Musayeib, Amina Musarat, Farah Maqsood
Diterpenes are naturally found chemical constituents containing the C20H32molecular formula and an important class of terpene with a broad spectrum of interesting biological properties (Yang et al. 2012). About 60 previously reported terpenoids were examined for their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans and P. aeruginosa. The terpenoids were divided into five groups to estimate their activity patterns. Hydrogen bond was found to be the determinant factor for the positive antimicrobial potential, while low water solubility was found to be responsible for antimicrobial inactivity (Griffin et al. 1999). The probable mechanism of action of diterpenes for antimicrobial activity was that they restricted the microbial oxygen uptake and oxidative phosphorylation. Another study reported that ent-kaurane and ent-pimarane diterpene derivatives have ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens of dental caries. The antibacterial potential was confirmed by MIC values (2–10 mg mL–1) (Ambrosio et al. 2006). Róz˙alski et al. (2007) extracted a diterpenoid salvipisone from the hairy roots of Salvia sclarea L. which prevented the cell adherence and development of biofilm of S. epidermidis and S. aureus (Rózalski et al. 2007).
Chemopreventive Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Diterpenes (also called diterpenoids) are a highly diverse C20-subclass of terpenoids comprised of four isoprene units. Diterpenes are biosynthesized by animals, plants, and fungi, and form the basis for biologically essential compounds including retinal, retinol, and phytol, as well as compounds with reported chemopreventive activity such as cafestol and kahweol (Figure 12.29), which are described below. Structures of the diterpenoids cafestol and kahweol.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Wild Medicinal Plants of Piauí State-Brazil
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Valdiléia Teixeira Uchôa, Mahendra Rai, Gilmânia Francisca Sousa Carvalho, Herbert Gonzaga Sousa, Patrícia e Silva Alves, Renata da Silva Carneiro, Ariane Maria da Silva Santos Nascimento, Felipe Pereira da Silva Santos, Gabriel e Silva Sales
Previous studies have shown that species of the genus Caeslpinia exhibited a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antirheumatic, anti-ulcer and anti-diabetic activities. In addition, chemical investigation of this plant revealed the presence of triterpenoids, diterpenes, flavonoids, steroids and phenolic compounds. Isolated diterpenes of this genus are a group of highly diverse composite structures and exhibited a variety of pharmacological activities (Wei et al. 2015).
Design, biological evaluation, and molecular modelling insights of cupressic acid derivatives as promising anti-inflammatory agents
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Amal F. Soliman, Diaaeldin M. Elimam, Fardous F. El-Senduny, Manal A. Alossaimi, Mubarak Alamri, Fatma M. Abdel Bar
Since ancient times, plant-derived products have been used to reduce inflammation or inflammation-associated conditions 1. Araucaria trees are coniferous trees grown as ornamental plants, which upon injury, exudate an oleogum resin that protects against invading pathogens2. Few studies reported the biological activities of the oleogum resin of Araucaria heterophylla; mainly as an antiulcerogenic, cytotoxic, and antibacterial agent3. The oleogum resins, containing mainly labdane diterpenes, have been employed topically to treat bruises and dermal inflammation4. Diterpenes are natural products known to exert potent anti-inflammatory activities through various mechanisms4. Labdane-diterpenes were reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in several animal and cell-based bioassays3,4. In addition, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of semisynthetic terpene derivatives were previously described4. Cupressic acid derivatives are the major labdane diterpenes of the oleogum resin of Araucaria heterophylla. Previous studies by our research group reported the antiprotozoal activity of resin-isolated cupressic acids and the anti-inflammatory activities of their microbially transformed metabolites2,5.
Phytol Down-Regulates Expression of Some Cancer Stem Cell Markers and Decreases Side Population Proportion in Human Embryonic Carcinoma NCCIT Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Sara Soltanian, Mahboubeh Sheikhbahaei, Mahsa Ziasistani
Diterpenes are a class of chemical compounds which are biosynthesized by plants, animals and fungi (19). Diterpenes form the basis for two biologically important compounds, retinol (Vitamin A1) and phytol (20). It was shown, retinol and its analogue (retinoic acid, RA), can target and eradicate stem-like tumor cells by differentiation induction of CSCs to nonmalignant cells. Therefore, efficacy of RA to reduce proliferation and tumorigenicity of CSCs and reverse malignant progression and migration in various cancers has been demonstrated (21–26). Phytol is an acyclic diterpene alcohol that derive from metabolism of chlorophyll in some plants (27). Although, some biological activities such as anticancer (28–31), anti-microbial (32) and anti-inflammatory (33) effects were reported for phytol, its potential to eliminate CSCs and downregulate CSCs markers has not been explored until now.
Gastro-protective effect of Artemisia Sieberi essential oil against ethanol-induced ulcer in rats as revealed via biochemical, histopathological and metabolomics analysis
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Naglaa M. Ammar, Heba A. Hassan, Rania F. Ahmed, Abd El-Nasser G. El-Gendy, Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad, Abdel Razik H. Farrag, Mohamed A. Farag, Abdelsamed I. Elshamy, Sherif M. Afifi
Next to sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes were detected at (40.0%) composed of oxygenated monoterpenes (34.9%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (5.1%). These findings are in accordance with the reported data of AS-EO from other several origins (Sefidkon et al.2002, Negahban et al.2007, Mahboubi et al.2015). Major forms included oxygenated monoterpenes viz. camphor (10.8%), trans-sabinene hydrate (3.8%). Camphor, bornyl acetate and sabinene hydrate represented the main component of EO from different regions of Iran (Sefidkon et al.2002, Negahban et al.2007, Khosravi et al.2011, Mahboubi et al.2015). Phytol was the only identified diterpene with a relative concentration of 0.31%.