China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Anti-Cancer Agents from Natural Sources
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Felipe Gonzalez
Isoflavones are a subcategory of flavonoids, also called phytoestrogens, as many of these compounds have estrogenic activity in human. Isoflavonoids have a B-ring attached to a C3 carbon (C6-C3-C6 backbone) (Figure 5.20). Isoflavones can be found in foods which include dairy products, oils, and legumes. Upto now, many isoflavones have been tested for their anticancer potential. Their anticancer potential arises from their functional similarity to estrogens, which bind to estrogen receptor (ER)-beta rather than ER-alpha. Two commonly known isoflavones viz. genistein and daidzein are the major isoflavones in soybean. Ardito et al. (2017)assayed the efficacy of genistein in tongue (oral) cancer, which is an aggressive SCC, although having a comparatively reasonable 5-year survival rate which is 84% for non-spread cancer, 64% for that has spread to nearby lymph nodes, and 39% for cancer that has metastasized to other regions of the body. Early stage indications are jaw pain, lump inside the mouth, white or red gums, and difficulty chewing or moving the tongue, before they are fully diagnosed (Tongue Cancer, 2018). As limited chemotherapeutic agents are available for this cancer, new drugs are essential to ensure complete eradication (Oral Cancer: Your chances for recovery (prognosis), 2018). Genistein at 20-50 µM concentration inhibited cell adhesion by preventing cells to stink with one another. Cell life was reduced significantly at a moderate concentration of genistein. Metastasis was also inhibited due to down-regulation of an a few important proteins, like OCT4.
Head and neck
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Tumours of the anterior 2/3 are twice as common as the posterior 1/3, which are usually more advanced at presentation and thus have a worse prognosis. The commonest presentations of a tongue cancer are Tongue ulcer (52%) or tongue mass (19%)Neck mass (4%) (69% had a clinically negative neck on presentation; Haddadin KJ, Br J Plast Surg, 2000)
Aetiology of Head and Neck Cancer
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Pablo H. Montero, Snehal G. Patel, Ian Ganly
The main aetiological factors for oral cavity cancer are smoking and alcohol.7, 8 It is estimated that in 2013 there will be 27 450 new cases of oral cavity cancer in the United States, 14 420 male and 9030 female.2 In the UK it is the 15th most common cancer among men, and 16th among women.9 The incidence and mortality increase with age with over 85% cases occurring after the 5th decade. Over the last 30 years there has been a slight increase in oral cancer mainly attributable to the increase in tongue cancer in young women.10–12 A detailed treatment of the global epidemiology is found elsewhere in the text.
Advanced-stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma: a machine learning model for risk stratification and treatment planning
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2023
Rasheed Omobolaji Alabi, Mohammed Elmusrati, Ilmo Leivo, Alhadi Almangush, Antti A. Mäkitie
Remarkably, the advanced-stage tongue cancer is characterized by a worse prognosis at diagnosis. By standard, the recommended treatment for late-stage tongue cancer is surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy [11]. This recommendation was corroborated in this study as it was observed that patients that received Sx + RT showed a better chance of OS (Figures 3 and 4). Similarly, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) has suggested the use of concurrent chemotherapy [11]. This latter suggestion was also supported by the finding in this study specifically for advanced-stage patients with T3N1 disease where having received Sx + CRT showed promising results in terms of 5-year OS [11] (Figure 5). With the current radiotherapy (RT) techniques such as the intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment (IMRT), this treatment modality may be poised to be a vibrant treatment approach for advanced-stage tongue cancer. Post-operative chemoradiotherapy is typically indicated for patients with multiple metastases, extra nodal spread, or positive surgical margin.
The impact of tobacco smoking on survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based retrospective study
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2022
Amanda Oester Andersen, Jakob Schmidt Jensen, Kathrine Kronberg Jakobsen, Helene Stampe, Kristoffer Juul Nielsen, Irene Wessel, Anders Christensen, Elo Andersen, Jeppe Friborg, Christian Grønhøj, Christian von Buchwald
We found the subsite FOM to be much more common for current smokers than for never-smokers. This was compatible with previous findings by Schmidt et al. [6], who found a strong association between a history of smoking and the occurrence of carcinomas involving FOM and posterior tongue. Interestingly, we identified a significant (p = 0.01) interaction between ATE and subsite on HR for DFS. Kawakita et al. [22] also looked for the presence of an interaction between subsite and ATE on HR for OS and found no significant (p = 0.90) interaction. However, they likewise found a tendency of a decreasing survival for tongue cancer patients with increasing categorical ATE. Previous studies [27,45] on the effect of smoking on the survival of patients with oral tongue cancer have been conflicting. Bachar et al. [27] analyzed the survival of oral tongue cancer patients with and without known risk factors and found no difference in local and regional control as well as OS. El-Husseiny et al. [45] found a significantly worse OS and DFS of smoking oral tongue cancer patients compared to nonsmoking patients. Our results indicated that the tumor subsite modulated the effect of ATE on survival.
Assessment of lingual sentinel lymph nodes metastases using dual-modal indirect CT/MR lymphography with gold–gadolinium-based nanoprobes in a tongue VX2 carcinoma model
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Yue Yang, Benqing Zhou, Jian Zhou, Xiangyang Shi, Yan Sha, Haitao Wu
The status of cervical lymph nodes is a crucial factor in tumour staging, prognosis evaluation and treatment decision making in oral malignant carcinoma. Tongue cancer is a common type of malignant neoplasm in oral cavity and is prone to cervical lymph nodes metastasis. In cN0 tongue cancer patients, the rate of lymph node occult metastasis is more than 50% [1]. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) as the first station to receive lymphatic drainage from a primary tumour, the status of SLN is the prediction reference for the regional lymph nodes. SLN biopsy is the most reliable method to confirm whether SLNs have metastasised. Currently, the methods that are primarily used for SLN biopsy are blue dye and radionuclide tracer techniques. However, these methods have some drawbacks. Blue dye tracer cannot locate SLNs preoperatively and can tint surrounding tissues, while the radionuclide tracer technique has a low spatial resolution due to intrinsic restrictions, which does not allow for mapping the anatomic information of SLNs and surrounding tissues in detail.