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Processing of Data
Published in Abhaya Indrayan, Research Methods for Medical Graduates, 2019
Frequently, AR gives more valid information to health managers, particularly when the disease is rare that occurs several times more frequently if a particular antecedent is present. Suppose cancer throat has a risk of 0.0003 in nontobacco-chewing persons but is 0.019 in those who chewed tobacco for 10 years or more. Thus, the RR = 0.019/0.0003 = 63, but the AR is only 0.019 – 0.0003 = 0.0187 (less than 1.9%). Changing habits of tobacco chewing will not make much of a difference to the overall incidence of throat cancer: RR = 63 notwithstanding. It can be shown that this is all the more true if only a small percentage, such as 3%, of the population chews tobacco. AR is a better index of the public health importance of the risk factor in terms of the impact its reduction can make on overall incidence of disease.
Engineering Aspects of Ayurveda: The Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Human Physiology
Published in Anne George, Snigdha S. Babu, M. P. Ajithkumar, Sabu Thomas, Holistic Healthcare. Volume 2: Possibilities and Challenges, 2019
Cancer is a disease due to imbalance in all three doshas.7,10 Any food habit or lifestyle which aggravates all three doshas can destabilize the system, and it may lead to cancer. In smoking, regular application of heated air (Vata and Pitta disturbance) is carried out in Kapha dominated throat region, thus causing tridosha imbalance. This can be interpreted as one of the causes of throat cancer. Investigation of influence of smoking on the subdivisions of tridoshas may throw light on throat and lungs cancers.
Patient narratives
Published in Mabel Aghadiuno, Christopher Dowrick, Soul Matters – The Spiritual Dimension within Healthcare, 2017
Laryngeal cancer (commonly known as throat cancer) affects 1 in 100,000 people. The classical case is an older man presenting to the GP with a history of persistent hoarseness. If the disease is detected early, the prognosis is good with 90% of patients surviving after 5 years. Many patients may present at a later stage, so the cure rate falls. The treatment may be quite devastating and involve radiotherapy and/or removal of the vocal cords. Patients have to learn how to speak using the oesophagus and to breathe through a hole in the throat (tracheotomy).
A modified arthroscopic ulnar tunnel technique for foveal triangular fibrocartilage complex injury
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Robert Gvozdenovic, Sabine Hessler Simonsen
All 44 patients from the study achieved full stability of the DRUJ, after the operative treatment for a foveal TFCC injury. Six patients from this cohort needed re-operation. However, three patients with a renewed TFCC injury needed revision surgery for foveal re-fixation. One patient, a 26-year-old cook discontinued the orthosis early and went to work. A 30-year-old male, detained in the state prison was attacked by other prisoners, thus sustaining instability and pain. Finally, a 46-year-old man was diagnosed with throat cancer, 6 months after the primary TFCC procedure. In the chemo- and radiation-therapy period, he regained instability and pain of the TFCC. All three patients underwent re-fixation with the same surgical technique. They achieved full DRUJ stability and a good clinical and functional result, after the renewed foveal TFCC re-attachment procedure.
The salivary microbiota in health and disease
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
Cross-sectional studies have evaluated SM in patients with cancers outside the oral cavity. Accordingly, high salivary levels of T. forsythia and A. actinomycetemcomitans and low bacterial diversity were reported in patients with precancerous gastric lesions [82]. On the other hand, gastrointestinal cancers of various origins were associated with an increased salivary bacterial diversity and high levels of P. gingivalis as compared to matched healthy controls [83]. In line, a study from 2019 used NGS of SM to discriminate patients with throat cancer from healthy controls and patients with vocal cord polyps with an AUC = 0.87 [84]. Finally, two cross-sectional studies have compared SM in patients with lung cancer to healthy controls. The main findings were higher levels of Streptococcus and Veillonella species in saliva from patients with non-small cell lung cancer [85], and lower salivary levels of Streptococcus species in combination with low bacterial diversity in female non-smokers with lung cancer as compared to matched healthy controls [86].
What is the draw? Assessing a risk model and conventional exploration model of e-cigarette use
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2019
Kimberly R. Laurene, Geethika Kodukula, Rebecca Fischbein, Deric R. Kenne
Five risk perception questions were included. The first three questions were adopted from Pepper, Emery, Ribisl, Kurt, Rini, and Brewer (2015), and asked respondents the likelihood of themselves developing 1) lung cancer, 2) heart disease, and 3) mouth or throat cancer in the next 10 years if they regularly used e-cigarettes. A 5-point Likert scale with anchor points “1 = not at all likely” to “5 = extremely likely” was utilized for responses. For the other two questions, respondents indicated their 4) risk perception of harm from and 5) perceived risk of becoming addicted to e-cigarettes (based on a composite score from two questions: addiction to flavored e-cigarettes and addiction to nonflavored e-cigarettes). A 4-point Likert scale with anchor points “1 = no risk” and “4 = great risk” was used. Responses for flavored and unflavored use of e-cigarettes were averaged.