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Renal cancer
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Conrad von Stempel, Lee Alexander Grant, Miles Walkden, Navin Ramachandran
In addition to clinical factors such as performance status, presence of anaemia, and biochemical markers including CRP, the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2012 Consensus Conference made recommendations regarding classification, prognostic factors, staging, and immunohistochemical and molecular assessment of adult renal tumours (34). The main morphological subtypes of RCC were of prognostic significance, subtyping of papillary RCC (types 1 and 2) provided additional prognostic information, and clear cell tubulopapillary RCC is associated with a more favourable outcome. For sarcomatoid carcinoma, if the underlying carcinoma subtype is not possible to determine, the tumour should be classified as a grade 4 unclassified carcinoma with a sarcomatoid component. The presence of tumour necrosis, particularly for clear cell carcinomas, has prognostic significance, with assessment based on macroscopic and microscopic examination. It was recommended this should be quantified.
Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma
Published in Dongyou Liu, Tumors and Cancers, 2017
Although sarcomatoid carcinoma occurs throughout the body, primary sarcomatoid carcinoma in the lung is extremely rare. PSC generally runs an aggressive clinical course with advanced local disease and metastasis. Because of its heterogeneity, PSC often poses significant challenge in diagnosis.
Uncommon Endobronchial Neoplasms
Published in Philip T. Cagle, Timothy C. Allen, Mary Beth Beasley, Diagnostic Pulmonary Pathology, 2008
The current "World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Lung Tumours" defines sarcomatoid carcinoma as a group of non–small cell carcinoma with a sarcoma or sarcomalike component (35). Depending on the degree of sarcoma or sarcoma-like differentiation, this group is further subdivided into pleomorphic carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma (CS), and pulmonary blastoma. Pleomorphic carcinoma is a non–small cell carcinoma (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or large cell carcinoma) with a spindle or giant cell component (Fig. 3). Otherwise, pleomorphic carcinoma may be a carcinoma composed of spindle and giant cells only. Spindle cell carcinoma is a carcinoma composed of spindle cells only. Likewise, giant cell carcinoma is a carcinoma composed of giant cells only. Since these carcinomas are poorly differentiated, multiple keratin and EMA immunostains may be necessary to demonstrate the epithelial differentiation. Furthermore, smooth muscle markers may be coexpressed. CS and pulmonary blastoma are discussed in section III.
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma presenting as subcutaneous nodules
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Ajay Tambe, Poornima Ramadas, Michael Williams, Harvir Singh Gambhir, Rana Naous
A 67-year-old white woman with a 50 pack-year history of smoking presented with a 2-month history of cough, dyspnea, and weight loss. Additionally, she found several painless subcutaneous nodules over her back (Figure 1), spreading to her chest and abdomen over 2 months. On presentation she was tachycardic, hypotensive, and tachypneic. Numerous subcutaneous nontender and firm nodules measuring 2 to 6 cm in size were present with no overlying skin changes. Imaging of the thorax (Figure 2) revealed a left lower lobe cavitary lesion and postobstructive pneumonia secondary to a large left hilar mass. She was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics. Additional imaging showed a large pancreatic mass with metastatic disease involving the liver, peritoneum, abdominal wall, and bones. Biopsy of the cutaneous nodule over the abdomen showed sarcomatoid carcinoma (Figure 3), with the primary in the lung with PDL-1 expression >90%.
HGF/MET pathway aberrations as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in human cancers
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2019
Fatemeh Moosavi, Elisa Giovannetti, Luciano Saso, Omidreza Firuzi
The association between the MET mutation and the clinico-pathological features and prognosis of NSCLC has been investigated in a meta-analysis of 11 retrospective studies [65]. Data from only two studies reporting the HR on overall survival in patients with MET exon 14 mutations could be pooled [126,127]. The pooled results indicated that the presence of MET exon 14 mutations in NSCLC patients was correlated with a significantly poor prognosis (HR 1.82, CI 1.04–3.19). Of note, based on the histologic subtypes, the incidence of this mutation was detected mostly in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma [65].
Clinicopathological, etiological and molecular characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma subtypes classified by mucin production and immunohistochemical features
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2023
Yi Chen, Xiaoling Liu, Liyun Huang, Lihong Chen, Bin Wang
Typical morphologic spectrum of large, small and indeterminate duct type ICC are shown in Figure 2. Tumor cells in large duct type ICC had features of tall columnar tumor cells with a low nucleocytoplasmic ratio and abundant clear, eosinophilic or mucinous cytoplasm. Their nuclei were usually high grade and arranged in a large glandular or papillary structure with abundant extracellular mucus. Furthermore, the large duct-type ICC contained scarce tumor components with interstitial fibrosis and showed an infiltrative or expansive growth pattern (Figure 2a-d). The small duct type ICC was composed of low columnar to cuboidal tumor cells with mild or moderate heteromorphic nucleus. The tumor cell structure is similar with epithelial cells of small bile ducts and forms trabecular, cribriform, micropapillary or solid structures. Compared to the large duct type ICC, the small duct type ICC has high tumor cellularity and scant stroma. However, the tumor is due to a lack of columnar tumor cells that can produce mucin (Figure 2e-h). The morphological spectrum of indeterminate duct type ICC (7 cases) is diverse. Of these, 2 cases were sarcomatoid carcinoma, and the tumor cells of 4 cases presented a highly heteromorphic nucleus. The other had a histological appearance of an undifferentiated carcinoma (Figure 2i-l). In the same time, we also found that there were differences in the precursor lesions between the two different ICC subtypes (Figure 3). We observed that the precursor lesion of large type ICC was high-grade bile duct intraepithelial neoplasia, calculus of intrahepatic duct, and Schistosoma infection. On the other hand, small type ICC showed typical precursor lesion including bile duct adenoma, biliary adenofibroma, and bile duct hamartoma.