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Cancer
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Pancreatic cancer is a highly invasive cancer of the digestive system. The most common type of pancreatic cancer is ductal adenocarcinoma. The majority of pancreatic cancers are exocrine tumors, forming from the ductal and acinar cells. Pancreatic endocrine tumors originate from the islet cells, and secrete several hormones. This type of tumor may also occur in the duodenum or lungs. To improve management and survival rates from pancreatic cancer, it is important to identify the clinical features and biomarkers that distinguish pancreatic cancer-related diabetes from type 2 diabetes. For patients that are middle-aged and have new-onset diabetes, MRI may be considered to assess pancreatic tumors.
Survival Analysis
Published in Trevor F. Cox, Medical Statistics for Cancer Studies, 2022
This was the fourth trial in a series of five trials to date, for pancreatic cancer by the European study Group for Pancreatic Cancer (ESPAC), although Trial number 2 never came to fruition. Figure 3.22 shows a diagram of the pancreas. The pancreas has two functions, (i) to produce enzymes and secrete them into the small intestine for breaking down food and (ii) to produce insulin which regulates glucose in the body. The most common type of pancreatic cancer is “ductal” where the tumour develops around the pancreatic duct. Ampullary cancers occur in the “Ampulla of Vater” where the pancreatic and bile ducts meet the small intestine. Peri-ampullary cancers occur around the area. Pancreatic cancer has a notoriously poor survival rate with only of patients surviving more than 5 years, but longer for those diagnosed at an early stage. Patients with peri-ampullary cancers can fare better.
Cancer
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Common symptoms of pancreatic cancer include pain in the mid abdomen, close to the stomach, or the backweight lossjaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, along with dark urine
In silico identification and biological evaluation of a selective MAP4K4 inhibitor against pancreatic cancer
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Chao-Di Chang, Min-Wu Chao, Hsueh-Yun Lee, Yi-Ting Liu, Huang-Ju Tu, Ssu-Ting Lien, Tony Eight Lin, Tzu-Ying Sung, Shih-Chung Yen, Sing-Han Huang, Kai-Cheng Hsu, Shiow-Lin Pan
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death and has a 5-year survival rate of ≤15% because of the lack of appropriate diagnosis strategies and treatments1. Early pancreatic tumours are located deep inside the body, which is difficult to detect during routine exams2. Surgery and chemotherapy are the main treatments for pancreatic cancer. However, the treatments display a low success rate in removing the tumour at late stages. Surgery removes the entire tumour tissue at the primary site for metastasis prevention. Unfortunately, less than 20% of pancreatic cancer patients are surgically resectable3. Chemotherapy can be used at all pancreatic cancer stages to limit cancer cell growth by damaging the DNA and interfering with cell replication. The most commonly used chemotherapeutic drug for pancreatic cancer treatment is gemcitabine, a nucleoside analogue designed to inhibit DNA synthesis and affect the growth of cancer cells 4. Nevertheless, chemotherapies usually cause unpleasant side effects and are ineffective at advanced stages because the dysplastic stroma interferes with drug delivery5,6. In comparison, targeted therapy is a promising strategy to improve clinical outcomes by inhibiting specific targets in pancreatic cancer cells and may have fewer side effects6.
Model-based screening for pancreatic cancer in Sweden
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023
Tomasz Draus, Daniel Ansari, Roland Andersson
Between 5% and 10% of pancreatic cancer patients have a familial or genetic background. Surveillance often consists of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) [6]. Other risk factors for pancreatic cancer include diabetes, cigarette smoking, obesity, chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cysts [3]. Approximately half of pancreatic cancer patients have diabetes mellitus at the time of diagnosis, which is predominantly new-onset (<2 years in duration) and likely induced by the tumor [7]. Tumor-derived and immunoregulatory proteins and various liquid biopsy approaches, such circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells and exosomes have been evaluated in diagnostic settings [8–13], but still no blood-based screening test is routinely used for pancreatic cancer in a clinical setting. Screening tests need to fulfill several criteria, including being capable to detect disease in its preclinical state, be safe, inexpensive and easy to administer and lead to improve health outcomes [14].
Nutrition Intake and Nutrition Status of Pancreatic Cancer Patients: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Exercise Intervention Study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Dorothea Clauss, Ingeborg Rötzer, Christine Tjaden, Thilo Hackert, Joachim Wiskemann, Karen Steindorf
The pancreas is closely involved in the metabolism of food and nutrients through the production of digestive enzymes and the secretion of hormones (insulin, glucagon) (1). Digestive enzymes are essential for the digestion and the utilization of nutrients. These metabolic processes can be affected by a disease of the pancreas (2). In patients with pancreatic cancer, the production of digestive enzymes is often reduced, disrupted, or no longer present, leading to maldigestion and malabsorption (3). The 52–88% of postoperative pancreatic cancer patients showed a medium–high risk of malnutrition (4). Malnutrition is associated with poorer prognosis (5). Many pancreatic cancer patients also suffer from symptoms including abdominal pain or nausea during eating, early satiety, vomiting and diarrhea, or constipation (6) that often result in an inadequate nutritional intake and absorption. In addition, many patients report a significant weight loss already at diagnosis (7, 8). Due to those physical and metabolic effects of the cancer and due to the effects of anticancer therapies, pancreatic cancer patients are at higher risk of malnutrition in the course of their disease history (9).