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Published in Ashfaq A Marghoob, Ralph Braun, Natalia Jaimes, Atlas of Dermoscopy, 2023
Amélie Boespflug, Félix Pham, Ralph P. Braun, Luc Thomas
In cases of melanonychia striata developing after puberty, melanoma should always be included in the differential diagnoses. Clinical signs associated with melanoma include:Adult onsetInvolvement of a single digitDynamic lesion revealing changes over timeTriangular shape of the band, which indicates that the lesion is growing relatively fastPolychromiaHutchinson's sign (presence of pigmentation on the periungual skin)
Synthetic Compounds vs. Phytochemicals for the Treatment of Human Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Jacqueline Maphutha, Namrita Lall
Six subtypes of melanoma exist, viz. superficial spreading melanoma, nodular melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma, amelanotic melanoma and desmoplastic melanoma. Superficial spreading melanoma and nodular melanoma are the most frequently diagnosed subtypes of melanoma. Table 9.1 outlines the subtypes of melanoma.
Malignant Neoplasms
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Mark Biro, Vesna Petronic-Rosic
Prognosis: Recent data suggest 5-year and 10-year survival of >95% in patients diagnosed with Stage I melanoma, whereas this number substantially drops with more advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and is worst in patients with metastatic disease. New studies suggest that BRAF and MEK inhibitors, in addition to PD1 inhibitors, are similarly effective in the treatment of metastatic disease and provides for optimism related to the treatment of metastatic disease. Recommended follow-up total body skin examinations are listed in Table 21.9.
The signaling function of IDO1 incites the malignant progression of mouse B16 melanoma
Published in OncoImmunology, 2023
E Orecchini, ML Belladonna, MT Pallotta, C Volpi, L Zizi, E Panfili, M Gargaro, F Fallarino, S Rossini, C Suvieri, A Macchiarulo, S Bicciato, G Mondanelli, C Orabona
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive and lethal skin cancer1. It derives from the uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes, responsible for the production and secretion of the melanin pigment.2 Albeit a 4% reduction in mortality over the past few years, the incidence of new cases has highly increased in the last decades.3 Melanoma prognosis and survival crucially depend on the tumor stage at the moment of the diagnosis. For primary melanoma, the 5-year survival rate is 99%, while for patients with metastatic melanoma, it is only 10%.4 In melanoma development, proliferation and invasion mechanisms are mainly driven by the MAPK signaling cascade (Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk), while the PI3K-AKT pathway, also involved in proliferation and survival, is most active to promote cellular energy metabolism.5 In particular, Erk and Ras are key molecules of melanoma progression, the first being hyperactivated by autocrine growth factors, and the second mutated into a gain-of-function oncogene in 90% and 15–30% of melanoma cases, respectively.6
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy for the treatment of skin disorders
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Irene Russo, Laura Fagotto, Anna Colombo, Emma Sartor, Roberto Luisetto, Mauro Alaibac
The four major subtypes of invasive cutaneous melanoma are: superficial spreading melanoma (the most common), nodular melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, and acral lentiginous melanoma. Uncommon variants of melanoma include amelanotic, desmoplastic, and spitzoid melanoma [56–60]. Histologically, melanoma displays two growth phases: in the horizontal or radial growth phase, which is not identifiable in nodular melanomas, tumor cells are confined to the epidermis, while in the vertical growth-phase tumor cells infiltrate the dermis and can metastasize [57]. The thickness of the tumor (Breslow depth) measured on histological samples correlates with the prognosis and the likelihood of metastasis of an invasive melanoma in the vertical growth phase [61]. Risk for metastasis also increases with ulceration, microsatellites, high mitotic rate, lymphovascular invasion, and either absent or minimum tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes [57].
Advances in chlorin-based photodynamic therapy with nanoparticle delivery system for cancer treatment
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Lin Huang, Sajid Asghar, Ting Zhu, Panting Ye, Ziyi Hu, Zhipeng Chen, Yanyu Xiao
PDT is suitable for skin cancer as they are easy to penetrate. Compared with traditional strategies (cryotherapy, surgical excision), PDT has equivalent effect, but without apparent scar [221,222]. For patients with only a few localized lesions, the prolonged period to the intended location may aggravate the photosensitivity. ALA is an ideal choice for local use. To enhance the penetration, the tumor can be pre-treated with weak solutions of dimethylsulfoxide or deferoxamine [223–225]. Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a kind of cancer that develops from melanocytes and is a rare cancer among skin cancers [226]. It usually occurs on the skin but may also appear in the mouth, intestines or eyes. Sheleg et al. have finished phase I clinical trial of Ce6 for skin metastases of pigmented melanoma. Ce6 was intravenously injected to 14 patients with skin metastases from melanoma (10 females, four males, mean age 49.6 years) at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The light energy density was 80–120 J/cm−2 per treatment, with a light power density of 250–300 mW/cm−2. During the study period, the tumor was complete regressed with no recurrence [227].