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Inflammation
Published in George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia, Molecular Biochemistry of Human Disease, 2020
George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia
Hemorrhagic syndromes are connected with inherited defects of coagulation factors (Table 2). In these disorders the defect is mainly due to the synthesis of an abnormal protein rather than the lack of production.376 Deficiences of Factors VII, VIII, and IX are the most frequently occurring disease conditions. Both defects are related to extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of coagulation 89,157 Factor VIII and Factor IX deficiencies are X chromosomelinked disorders, and they are mainly found in males. The management of Factor VIII inhibitors in nonhemophilic patients seems to be essential.157 Hereditary antithrombin III deficiency is connected with venous thrombosis.309 In certain conditions, such as colon adenocarcinoma, the production of acquired factors has been observed.81
The Molecular Genetics OF DNA Methylation in Colorectal Cancer
Published in Leonard H. Augenlicht, Cell and Molecular Biology of Colon Cancer, 2019
Third, colon adenocarcinoma offers an opportunity to study early stages of carcinogenesis, since the carcinomas are thought to arise from premalignant benign adenomas. Approximately 20% of resected colons have adventitious polyps. Finally, while rapidly dividing cells exhibit transient decreases in DNA methylation,67 the study of colon cancer circumvents this problem, because tumor cells divide at the same rate or even more slowly than normal colonic mucosal epithelium.68
Colon Carcinogenesis: Biochemical Changes
Published in Herman Autrup, Gary M. Williams, Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis, 2019
Young S. Kim, Laurence J. Mcintyre
Since carcinogenesis involves alterations in the control of cellular growth, one area of possible biochemical changes is nuclear proteins, as these are likely to be involved in genetic control mechanisms. Boffa and Allfrey37 studied the nuclear nonhistone proteins of rat colonic epithelial cells during DMH-induced carcinogenesis. They found that the nuclei from cancer cells contained two groups of tumor-specific proteins, TNP1 and TNP2. The TNP1 protein fraction was shown to be associated with actively transcribing portions of the genome. When human colon adenocarcinoma was compared with normal colonic mucosa two similar groups of proteins were seen in the tumor cell nuclei.37
Microwave ablation using two simultaneous antennas for the treatment of liver malignant lesions: a 3 year single-Centre experience
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Flavio Andresciani, Giuseppina Pacella, Daniele Vertulli, Carlo Altomare, Maria Teresa Bitonti, Amalia Bruno, Laura Cea, Eliodoro Faiella, Bruno Beomonte Zobel, Rosario Francesco Grasso
Three-six months follow-up demonstrated: CR in 43/46 (93.5%) cases (among these patients were the two who had obtained PR at first follow-up and were successfully retreated), PR in 2/37 (9.5%) and a progression of disease (PD) in 1/37 patients (3.7%). Both the patients classified as PR had a metastasis from colon adenocarcinoma: respectively a 4,6 cm lesion in segments 3–4, which was then successfully treated with segmentectomy thanks to the tumor debulking, and a 5 cm lesion in segment 5, treated with a new single probe MWA, achieving CR at the next follow-up. The PD was reported in a patient with a diffuse metastatic infiltration from colon adenocarcinoma (with a diameter of the treated lesion of 5,6 cm), and the patient died 8 months after the procedure due to heart failure.
Prolonged clinical response with regorafenib administered as second-line therapy in an elderly patient suffering from peritoneal carcinomatosis of colon cancer
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2021
In July 2015, G.T., a woman born in 1934 and suffering from hypertension treated with nebivolol, after biopsy assessment of a neoformation detected by colonoscopy performed for rectal bleeding, underwent a sigmoid resection at the surgical department of our hospital. The histological examination found a moderately/poorly differentiated colon adenocarcinoma infiltrating and perforating the intestine without lymph node involvement. Radiological tests excluded the presence of metastases. Subsequently, the patient received 8 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine until March 2016 without significant toxicities. After radiological reassessment, diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis was documented. Once the KRAS mutation at codon 2 level was ascertained, the patient was treated with oxaliplatin and capecitabine excluding bevacizumab for the known hypertension. After 7 cycles of therapy, a positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) diagnosed a radiological progression with the appearance of new carcinomatosis nodules (Figure 1A and B). The Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) score was low (< 10) and her performance status (PS) was optimal [Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)=0]. At this point, an irinotecan-based treatment was proposed, but the patient refused chemotherapy because of the anticipated alopecia that she would never have been able to accept.
Role of telomeric RAP1 in radiation sensitivity modulation and its interaction with CSC marker KLF4 in colorectal cancer
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Kumari Anuja, Madhabananda Kar, Amit Roy Chowdhury, Gauri Shankar, Swatishree Padhi, Souvick Roy, Yusuf Akhter, Arabinda Kumar Rath, Birendranath Banerjee
To investigate the association between RAP1 status in CRC, we investigated the RAP1 expression level in our cohort of 75 CRC patient cases (Supplementary Table 3). Western blotting exhibited higher expression of RAP1 protein in the tumor area of the randomly selected CRC as compared to cut-margin region counterpart (Figure 8(a,b)). RAP1 status examination by the immunohistochemical study also uncovered an up-regulated level of RAP1 in tumor area of CRC cases than in the cut margin region of the same CRC cases. Mean histoscore quantification of RAP1 in the cut margin and tumor also significantly high RAP1 status in tumor tissue (Figure 8(c)). We further studied a Kaplan–Meier overall survival plot based on RAP1 expression status by using oncoLnc online tool in CRC patients. It was observed that colon adenocarcinoma and rectum adenocarcinoma patients with RAP1 high expression had significantly lower survival percentage as compared to those patients with RAP1 low expression (P = 0.003 and P = 0.072 respectively) as shown in Figure 8(d). High RAP1 expression in the tumor region of CRC cases significantly associated with poor overall survival as shown in Figure 8(d). Therefore, up-regulation RAP1 expression status could be associated with reducing survival of CRC patients as obtained from TCGA dataset. Moreover, RAP1expression in the cut margin region might also be connected to recurrence and potential therapy resistance in CRC.