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Testicular Cancer
Published in Manit Arya, Taimur T. Shah, Jas S. Kalsi, Herman S. Fernando, Iqbal S. Shergill, Asif Muneer, Hashim U. Ahmed, MCQs for the FRCS(Urol) and Postgraduate Urology Examinations, 2020
Nkwam Nkwam, Chitranjan J. Shukla, David A. Manson-Bahr, Taimur T. Shah, Farooq Khan
Cisplatin can cause a range of side effects. It is nephrotoxic and is contraindicated in patients with an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Ototoxicity is another common side effect where patients present with tinnitus and hearing loss. An increased risk of acute myeloid leukaemia has also been observed along with increased risk of hypogonadism and cardiovascular disease.
Familial Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
With our current state of knowledge, non-syndromic familial acute myeloid leukemia may be defined as multiple genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorders, each caused by genetic aberrations in a single gene, including CEBPA and DDX41 (both with no preexisting disorders), or RUNX1, ANKRD26, and ETV6 (all with preexisting platelet disorders), all of which co-segregate in family members leading to an increased and heritable predisposition to develop AML. These non-syndromic forms of familial AML, including those with previous platelet abnormalities, and including de novo and secondary AML, form the subject for this chapter.
Haematology
Published in John D Firth, Professor Ian Gilmore, MRCP Part 1 Self-Assessment, 2017
John D Firth, Professor Ian Gilmore
The plasma viscosity is only slightly raised and is unlikely to produce renal failure at this level. Fludarabine can cause Coombs’ positive haemolysis, but not usually 5 years after treatment. There is no evidence for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).
Analysis of Mean Corpuscular Volume and Red Cell Distribution Width in Patients with Aplastic Anemia
Published in Hemoglobin, 2023
Lingling Liu, Qiuhao Fu, Danfeng Zhang, Dandan Chen, Fang Wang, Rong Guo, Xinsheng Xie, Zhongxing Jiang, Jifeng Yu, Yingmei Li
A study on age-related clonal hematopoiesis associated with adverse outcomes examined whole-exome sequencing data from DNA in the peripheral blood cells of 17,182 unselected individuals with hematological phenotypes. The results suggest that elevated RDW levels were significantly associated with clonal hematopoiesis [35]. Abelson and his colleagues [36] investigated acute myeloid leukemia risk factors in healthy individuals. It demonstrated a significant correlation between RDW and acute myeloid leukemia progression risk. It is well-known that AA patients have clonal hematopoiesis, and approximately 10–20% of AA patients progress to MDS or acute myeloid leukemia [37–39]. We must continue to monitor these AA patients to investigate the effect of RDW on AA clone hematopoiesis and clonal evolution.
An overview of the molecular and clinical significance of the angiopoietin system in leukemia
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2023
Saeed Zaka Khosravi, Samira Molaei Ramshe, Mehdi Allahbakhshian Farsani, Mohammadreza Moonesi, Faroogh Marofi, Majid Farshdousti Hagh
Leukemia is a group of blood malignancies that stem from the blood-forming tissues, namely bone marrow (BM). In the BM, abnormal and immature leukocytes called blasts are uncontrollably proliferated as they finally invade the bloodstream and spread throughout the body, causing metastasis. According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), leukemia is estimated to cause 3.2% of all new cancer cases in 2022 and 3.9% of all cancer deaths in the United States [1]. A wide range of cases, from children to the elderly, maybe afflicted by this disorder. There are four essential types of leukemia depending on the type of predominant white blood cells in BM and other blood-forming tissues: acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Each type has a different cellular and molecular origin, prognosis, and patients’ age pattern [2,3]. A combination of different causes is reported to account for leukemia subtypes in both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors include cytogenetic complications such as Down syndrome, DNA mutations, epigenetic alterations, and diversification in the expression of genes in signaling pathways, such as ones involved in blood cell proliferation and BM microenvironment [2,4].
Rational design and synthesis of 2-(1H-indazol-6-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives as inhibitors targeting FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and its mutants
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Daseul Im, Joonhong Jun, Jihyun Baek, Haejin Kim, Dahyun Kang, Hyunah Bae, Hyunwook Cho, Jung-Mi Hah
Acute myeloid leukaemia, one of the most notorious types of leukaemia, is characterised by the abnormal proliferation and accumulation of immature cells in bone marrow and peripheral tissues. Consequently, it leads to lack of normal haematopoietic cells, leading to the characteristic symptoms of AML, such as fatigue, anaemia, dyspnoea, bleeding, and severe infections due to poorly differentiated progenitor cells1,2. According to the American Cancer Society’s estimates for AML in 2020, newly diagnosed cases of AML and deaths from AML are as high as 19,940 and 11,180 in the United States, respectively. It is reported that AML incidence rates generally increase alongside age, and the five-year overall survival rate for patients with AML is less than 50%3,4. Recent genomic sequencing analysis reported that mutations in FLT3 commonly discovered, and FLT3 has been considered a potential therapeutic target against AML5.