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Female Methods
Published in Sujoy K. Guba, Bioengineering in Reproductive Medicine, 2020
In properly selected patients pulsatile GnRH infusion leads to increase in serum LH and FSH and the levels of these hormones exhibit a pulsatile character44 as is shown in Figure 11.19. Actual ovulation induction is more difficult to assess. Knowledge and experience in this area of therapy is still growing and success rates, as judged on the basis of pregnancies, is likely to improve. Currently very good outcomes are seen in cases of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and this abnormality is one of the principal indications of the therapy. At the other extreme, results in cases of idiopathic oligomenorrhea is quite poor.
Benign Thyroid Disease
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
Christopher M. Jones, Kristien Boelaert
Heat intolerance and increased perspiration are common complaints. Stool frequency is also increased yet frank diarrhoea is rare. Oligomenorrhoea and infertility may occur in women, although amenorrhoea is seen only rarely. Men may report reduced libido and painful gynaecomastia.
Symptom sorter
Published in Sarah Bekaert, Women's Health, 2018
Infrequent menstruation, also known as oligomenorrhoea, is defined by a cycle length of between 6 weeks and 6 months in a woman who has previously had normal periods. At one extreme, it overlaps with normal, the cycles being ovulatory but infrequent, while at the other extreme there is amenorrhoea. Oligomenorrhoea can be caused by some of the disorders associated with amenorrhoea.
Should body mass index replace age to drive the decision for endometrial sampling in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding?
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Christine M. Helou, Zhiguo Zhao, Tan Ding, Ted L. Anderson, Lara F. B. Harvey
This was a retrospective cohort study including women ages 18–51 with AUB or oligomenorrhea undergoing endometrial sampling at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, an academic tertiary care center in Nashville, TN from the early 1990s to 2019. The study was approved by Vanderbilt’s Institutional Review Board on 2/11/19 (application #190257). Subjects were identified from the ‘Synthetic Derivative (SD),’ a database containing de-identified clinical data from 2.8 million institutional medical records [18]. To identify our cohort, we collaborated with Vanderbilt’s Integrated Data Access and Service Core to create an algorithm using International Classification of Disease (ICD) and Common procedural terminology (CPT) codes. The algorithm incorporated natural language processing (programming to identify and process data from large volumes of written text) allowing for efficient, expansive yet accurate data extraction. Inclusion criteria were: Women ages 18–51 with AUB or oligomenorrhea based on ICD codes (ICD9 626.2, 627.0, 626.8, 626.9, 626.1 and ICD10 N92.0, N92.1, N92.4, N92.5, N92.6, N93.8, N93.9, N91.3, N91.4, N91.5) undergoing endometrial sampling (office biopsy or dilation and curettage) (CPT 58120, 58100). Oligomenorrhea was included as many obese patients suffer from chronic an- or oligo-ovulation which increased risk for endometrial hyperplasia/malignancy [11]. Women were excluded if they were documented as postmenopausal or if biopsy results were not available.
Antithyroid antibodies may predict serum beta HCG levels and biochemical pregnancy losses in euthyroid women with IVF single embryo transfer
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Kagan Gungor, Nur Dokuzeylul Gungor
Menstrual irregularities, short luteal phases, failure to sustain a fertilized egg, miscarriage and premature delivery occur in association with thyroid hormone dysfunction [11]. Menorrhagia or oligomenorrhea and pregnancy loss and infertility are signs of hypothyroidism but the causes of these reproductive abnormalities are not well known [12]. Thyroid hormone receptors have been found in human ovarian surface epithelium, in oocytes of primordial, primary, and secondary follicles, and in endometrial stromal and Ishikawa cells. TSH-stimulated granulosa cells also show a significant increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration via activation through TSH-receptor [13]. Oocytes need thyroid hormone for maturation and thyroid dysfunction may affect ovarian functions. Preconception and early pregnancy estrogens and progesterone are necessary for uterine receptivity [14].
Demographic, clinical and hormonal characteristics of patients with premature ovarian insufficiency and those of early menopause: data from two tertiary premature ovarian insufficiency centers in Greece
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2020
Maria Sotiria Bompoula, Georgios Valsamakis, Spyridoula Neofytou, Pantelis Messaropoulos, Nikolaos Salakos, George Mastorakos, Sophia N. Kalantaridou
Archived information of 139 women of Greek origin (age range: 14- to 45-year old) followed in the departments of menopause of Aretaieion and Attikon Hospital between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively retrieved by the same observer (MSB). These women consulted for menstrual disturbances (oligo/amenorrhea), subfertility or a positive family POI history. Oligomenorrhea was defined as presence of eight or less menstrual cycles during a year. Amenorrhea was defined as primary (absence of menstrual cycles till the age of 16 years) or secondary (absence of menstrual cycles for six months or longer in a previously normally cycling woman) [13]. Subfertility was defined as any form of reduced fertility with prolonged time of unwanted non-conception [14]. Diagnosis of POI was based on ESHRE definition (women <40-year old; oligo/amenorrhea for at least 4 months and elevated FSH levels > 25 IU/L on two occasions >4 weeks apart) [9]. Early menopause was diagnosed in women, who presented the aforementioned symptoms at the age between 40 and 45. In our study, we excluded patients with iatrogenic POI (after chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gynecological surgery). All patients were informed about the study and gave their consent.