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Dysmenorrhea
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Painful menstruation that typically involves painful abdominal cramps that occur prior to or during the menses is referred to as dysmenorrhea. Many women routinely suffer from cramps which affect the lower abdomen or back just before or during the menses. Cramps are caused by uterine contractions and can range from mild to severe in intensity.
Management of Labour
Published in Gowri Dorairajan, Management of Normal and High Risk Labour During Childbirth, 2022
True labour pains: The woman would experience pain that starts in the lower back, spreads to the front of the abdomen, and radiates to the thigh. This may be described as something like the cramps they used to feel during menstruation. True labour pains increase in duration, frequency, and intensity and occur at regular intervals starting once in half an hour and progressively become frequent enough to be once in 2 or 3 minutes. The woman may perceive it as a painful tightening. It is felt more as backache, to begin with, as the cervix is more resistant. But later, the abdominal component becomes more prominent. The posterior position of the fetus may tremendously increase the backache component. So persistent predominant backache in established labour forewarns about the posterior position of the fetus.
Fenugreek in Management of Female-Specific Health Conditions
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Dysmenorrhea is defined as painful cramps of uterine origin that occur during menstruation and represents one of the most common causes of pelvic pain and menstrual disorder (Bernardi et al. 2017). Hypersecretion of prostaglandins (an inflammatory mediator) and increased uterine contractility are significant causes behind severe pain (Bernardi et al. 2017). Recently, the changes in concentration of many proinflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF α), Interleukin-6 (IL6); Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in the pathogenesis of dysmenorrhea and menopause are confirmed (Barcikowska et al. 2020). Furthermore, increased incidences of arthritis, osteoporosis, and inflammatory conditions are associated with post-menopausal women (Ginaldi et al. 2019).
Menstrual Hygiene Management among Homeless Women With Mental Illness in St. Louis Metropolitan Area: A Qualitative Study
Published in Women's Reproductive Health, 2023
Basant ElBanna, Nathaniel A. Dell, Marina Klier
The participants were 15 cisgender women of a mean age of 33 years old (range: 22–46 years). Seven (46.7%) identified as Black, six (40%) as White, one (6.7%) as Hispanic, and one (6.6%) as biracial. Ten (66.7%) women reported regular menstrual cycles. The average reported duration of menstruation among the participants was 5 days. Considering participants’ past-year homelessness, most (80%) spent at least one month living in a place not meant for human habitation, such as abandoned buildings, whereas only three had stayed in a shelter for the duration of their episode of homelessness. The duration of homelessness was variable for participants, as one-third of participants reported over 12 continuous months unhoused and the rest indicated experiencing between two and ten months unhoused over the past year. The primary diagnoses of participants were major depressive disorder (n = 2; 13%), post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 2; 13%), bipolar disorder (n = 5; 33%), psychotic disorder (n = 3; 20%), and substance-use disorder (n= 2; 13%). Participants were receiving behavioral health services, although one participant, who was still going through the intake process, did not have a documented diagnosis reported at the time of the interview.
Risk factors of osteoporosis and osteopenia in postmenopausal women based on the L2–L4 BMD T score of the lumbar spine: a study in Iran
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2023
Ladan Younesi Asl, Maryam Kashanian, Zahra Najmi, Ali Mahdavi, Zeinab SafarpourLima
An analytical cross-sectional study was performed at Akbarabadi Training Hospital in Tehran, Iran between 2015 and 2017. During this time, 14,630 women visited the hospital’s clinic for routine checkups, from whom, all women who were above 45 years of age were invited to participate in the study, and 1359 consented to participate in the study. The inclusion criteria were postmenopausal women who were older than 45 years. Exclusion criteria were smoking and alcohol consumption, if women had oophorectomy before the age of 45, if the women had any bone problems including arthritis, bone metabolism dysfunction, bone metastases, parathyroid diseases, and history of using medications such as estrogen therapy. Menopause was defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation for at least one year after the age of 45, without, any other responsible factors such as hysterectomy.
Trait Body Shame Predicts Menstrual-Related Symptoms: Evidence for Extending the Menstrual Reactivity Hypothesis
Published in Women's Reproductive Health, 2023
Menstrual-related symptoms—such as bloating, abdominal cramps, and fatigue that occur prior to and during menstruation—are viewed as a common occurrence (Chrisler & Levy, 1990; Gottleib, 2020). Such symptoms are expected to occur in the premenstrual phase, or the phase immediately prior to menstruation, and the menstrual phase when menstruation is occurring. They are expected to be absent in the intermenstrual phase, or the phase between the menstrual and premenstrual phases (e.g., Abplanalp et al., 1979; Sigmon et al., 1996). Moreover, cultural wisdom suggests that the experience of these symptoms is mediated by hormones (Chrisler & Levy, 1990; Gottleib, 2020). However, despite reliable hormonal changes across a normal menstrual cycle, menstrual-related symptom severity has been shown to be unrelated to hormone levels (Abplanalp et al., 1979; Bäckström et al., 1983; Sanders et al., 1983) and to vary greatly from person to person (Sigmon, Rohan, et al., 2000).