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Menstrual Health and Lifestyle Medicine
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Kranti Dasgupta, Madeline Hardacre, Michelle Tollefson
Women commonly experience physical and emotional symptoms in the days preceding their menstrual cycle. In approximately 8% of women40 these symptoms result in a diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The diagnostic criteria for PMS, as defined by ACOG, involve one or more physical or affective symptoms that are associated with social, academic, or work dysfunction, occurring 1–5 days prior to menses and over three consecutive menstrual cycles.41 Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, the most severe version of PMS, will be discussed in Chapter 27.
Gynaecology: Answers
Published in Euan Kevelighan, Jeremy Gasson, Makiya Ashraf, Get Through MRCOG Part 2: Short Answer Questions, 2020
Euan Kevelighan, Jeremy Gasson, Makiya Ashraf
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the occurrence of distressing physical, behavioural and psychological symptoms in the absence of organic or psychiatric disease; the symptoms recur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and regresses by the end of menstruation (2).
Estrogens in the treatment of climacteric depression, premenstrual depression, postnatal depression and chronic fatigue syndrome
Published in Barry G. Wren, Progress in the Management of the Menopause, 2020
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has been defined as distressing physical, behavioral and psychological symptoms not due to organic disease, which regularly recur during the same phase of each menstrual (ovarian) cycle and which disappear or significantly regress during the remainder of the cycle12. Typical psychological and behavioral problems include depression, anxiety, irritability and loss of concentration and confidence. Many premenstrual women will experience minor emotional changes. Severe PMS with symptoms of depression, irritability, anxiety, bloating, headaches, mastalgia and even violence can be debilitating factors in domestic life, although surprisingly these women can usually cope within the working environment. These severe symptoms occur in 3–5% of women13.
Initial Validity Evidence for the Menstrual-Related Symptoms Questionnaire
Published in Women's Reproductive Health, 2023
Morgan L. Ferretti, Taylor B. Stanley, Jessica G. Irons
Menstrual symptoms are often classified as menstrual-related diagnoses such as dysmenorrhea or premenstrual syndrome (PMS); however, many individuals may experience MRS that do not meet criteria for these diagnoses based on the quality, timing, or symptom interpretation (Negriff et al., 2009). To our knowledge, there are no validated measures that adequately measure the entirety of symptoms that may be experienced by individuals who menstruate. For example, the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ; Chesney & Tasto, 1975) is intended to measure symptoms of dysmenorrhea (pain during menstruation); however, the MSQ fails to account for the range of physical and psychological symptoms, in addition to dysmenorrhea, that are considered MRS. Furthermore, the MSQ includes behaviors that should not be considered a symptom of menstruation (i.e., I only know that my period is coming by looking at the calendar, I take a prescription drug for the pain during my period) and thus are not conceptually appropriate to be included in scoring. Relatedly, the MSQ erroneously classifies items into two categories of dysmenorrhea (spasmodic, congestive) yet not all items relate to dysmenorrhea. Other measures related to menstrual health focus on specific symptoms such as irritability (e.g., Brief Irritability Test; BITe) or anxiety (e.g., State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI).
Menstrual attitude and social cognitive stress influence autonomic nervous system in women with premenstrual syndrome
Published in Stress, 2022
Yao Meng, Lei Chang, Lulu Hou, Renlai Zhou
In women, the menstrual cycle is a periodic physiological change lasting for an average of 28 days. Almost 80% of women report having some symptoms during the week prior to menstruation (Lustyk & Gerrish, 2010). These symptoms interfere with normal life and therefore qualify as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in 20–30% of women. PMS refers to a series of cyclical physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms that regularly recur during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (Ryu & Kim, 2015). The sex hormones secreted by the ovaries can adversely affect the function of the hypothalamus, thereby causing changes in related stress hormones (Girdler et al., 1998; Lustyk & Gerrish, 2010). Therefore, numerous researches explored the mechanism of PMS from the perspective of stress. Among them, the autonomic nervous system (ANS, including sympathetic and parasympathetic systems), one of the stress physiological responses (Kahle et al., 2016), had received special attention.
Regulated aberrant amygdala functional connectivity in premenstrual syndrome via electro-acupuncture stimulation at sanyinjiao acupoint（SP6）
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Yong Pang, Hai Liao, Gaoxiong Duan, Zhuo Feng, Huimei Liu, Zhuocheng Zou, Jien Tao, Jiayan Li, Hengzhen He, Chunping Gao, Peng Liu, Demao Deng
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is associated with a series of cyclical and relapsing emotional, behavioral and physical symptoms that appear in the late luteal phase of menstrual cycle and disappear soon after the onset of menses [1]. 30–40% of reproductive-age women may suffer from PMS [2]. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and ovulation inhibitions are considered to be the primary treatment modalities for PMS, but they are far from satisfactory due to the undesirable side effects [3]. Acupuncture can significantly reduce PMS symptoms, including physical symptom and emotional symptoms [4–6]. Previous studies have shown that the modulatory effects of acupuncture on patients are mainly mediated via the central nervous system [7]. More specifically, acupuncture treatment may work to alleviate symptoms of PMS by modulating abnormal brain responses of the CNS. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), sanyinjiao (SP6), located 3 cun (the sum of the width of the forefinger, middle finger and ring finger of the acupuncturist) directly above the tip of the medial malleoulus on the posterior border of the tibia, has been shown to ameliorate menstrual-related disorders, including primary dysmenorrhea and PMS [8,9]. SP6 is commonly selected as the acupoint of choice for improving the physical and psychological symptoms of PMS in clinical settings [10]. However, the potential mechanisms behind the acupuncture beneficial effects on PMS have not yet been fully elucidated.